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Newton's Method Applied to Two Quadratic Equations in $$\mathbb{C}^2$$ Viewed as a Global Dynamical System
John H. Hubbard, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and Université de Provence, Marseille, France, and Peter Papadopol, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ
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Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society
2008; 146 pp; softcover
Volume: 191
ISBN-10: 0-8218-4056-8
ISBN-13: 978-0-8218-4056-6
List Price: US$69 Individual Members: US$41.40
Institutional Members: US\$55.20
Order Code: MEMO/191/891

The authors study the Newton map $$N:\mathbb{C}^2\rightarrow\mathbb{C}^2$$ associated to two equations in two unknowns, as a dynamical system. They focus on the first non-trivial case: two simultaneous quadratics, to intersect two conics. In the first two chapters, the authors prove among other things:

The Russakovksi-Shiffman measure does not change the points of indeterminancy.

The lines joining pairs of roots are invariant, and the Julia set of the restriction of $$N$$ to such a line has under appropriate circumstances an invariant manifold, which shares features of a stable manifold and a center manifold.

The main part of the article concerns the behavior of $$N$$ at infinity. To compactify $$\mathbb{C}^2$$ in such a way that $$N$$ extends to the compactification, the authors must take the projective limit of an infinite sequence of blow-ups. The simultaneous presence of points of indeterminancy and of critical curves forces the authors to define a new kind of blow-up: the Farey blow-up.

This construction is studied in its own right in chapter 4, where they show among others that the real oriented blow-up of the Farey blow-up has a topological structure reminiscent of the invariant tori of the KAM theorem. They also show that the cohomology, completed under the intersection inner product, is naturally isomorphic to the classical Sobolev space of functions with square-integrable derivatives.

In chapter 5 the authors apply these results to the mapping $$N$$ in a particular case, which they generalize in chapter 6 to the intersection of any two conics.

• The behavior at infinity when $$a=b=0$$
• The compactification when $$a=b=0$$
• The case where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are arbitrary