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Eigenvalues, invariant factors, highest weights, and Schubert calculus
Author:
William Fulton
Journal:
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 37 (2000), 209-249
MSC (2000):
Primary 15A42, 22E46, 14M15; Secondary 05E15, 13F10, 14C17, 15A18, 47B07
Posted:
April 5, 2000
MathSciNet review:
1754641
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Abstract: We describe recent work of Klyachko, Totaro, Knutson, and Tao that characterizes eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices and decomposition of tensor products of representations of . We explain related applications to invariant factors of products of matrices, intersections in Grassmann varieties, and singular values of sums and products of arbitrary matrices.
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S.
Agnihotri and C.
Woodward, Eigenvalues of products of unitary matrices and quantum
Schubert calculus, Math. Res. Lett. 5 (1998),
no. 6, 817–836. MR 1671192
(2000a:14066)
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Ali
R. Amir-Moéz, Extreme properties of eigenvalues of a
hermitian transformation and singular values of the sum and product of
linear transformations, Duke Math. J. 23 (1956),
463–476. MR 0079564
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P. Belkale, Local systems on
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A. Berenstein and R. Sjamaar, Projections of coadjoint orbits and the Hilbert-Mumford criterion, to appear in J. Amer. Math. Soc., math.SG/9810125.
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A. Berezin and I.
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Shmuel
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William
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R. Grayson, Reduction theory using semistability, Comment.
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J. Heckman, Projections of orbits and asymptotic behavior of
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Helmke and Joachim
Rosenthal, Eigenvalue inequalities and Schubert calculus,
Math. Nachr. 171 (1995), 207–225. MR 1316359
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Joseph
Hersch and Bruno
Zwahlen, Évaluations par défaut pour une somme
quelconque de valeurs propres 𝛾_{𝑘} d’un
opérateur 𝐶=𝐴+𝐵 à l’aide de
valeurs propres 𝛼₁ de 𝐴 et 𝛽ⱼ de
𝐵, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 254 (1962),
1559–1561 (French). MR 0132746
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Alfred
Horn, Doubly stochastic matrices and the diagonal of a rotation
matrix, Amer. J. Math. 76 (1954), 620–630. MR 0063336
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Alfred
Horn, Eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices, Pacific J.
Math. 12 (1962), 225–241. MR 0140521
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C. R. Johnson, Precise intervals for specific eigenvalues of a product of a positive definite and a Hermitian matrix, Linear Algebra Appl. 117 (1989), 159-164.
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A. Schreiner, The relationship between 𝐴𝐵 and
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𝑝-modules, J. London Math. Soc. 43 (1968),
280–284. MR 0228481
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Steven
L. Kleiman, The transversality of a general translate,
Compositio Math. 28 (1974), 287–297. MR 0360616
(50 #13063)
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Alexander
A. Klyachko, Stable bundles, representation theory and Hermitian
operators, Selecta Math. (N.S.) 4 (1998), no. 3,
419–445. MR 1654578
(2000b:14054), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000290050037
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-, Random walks on symmetric spaces and inequalities for matrix spectra, preprint, 1999.
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A. Knutson, The symplectic and algebraic geometry of Horn's problem, math.LA/9911088.
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Allen
Knutson and Terence
Tao, The honeycomb model of
𝐺𝐿_{𝑛}(𝐶) tensor products. I. Proof of the
saturation conjecture, J. Amer. Math. Soc.
12 (1999), no. 4,
1055–1090. MR 1671451
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A. Knutson, T. Tao and C. Woodward, Honeycombs II: facets of the Littlewood-Richardson cone, to appear.
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Bertram
Kostant, Lie algebra cohomology and the generalized Borel-Weil
theorem, Ann. of Math. (2) 74 (1961), 329–387.
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- P. Belkale, Local systems on
for a finite set, Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, 1999.
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- A. Berenstein and R. Sjamaar, Projections of coadjoint orbits and the Hilbert-Mumford criterion, to appear in J. Amer. Math. Soc., math.SG/9810125.
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- F. A. Berezin and I. M. Gel'fand, Some remarks on spherical functions on symmetric Riemannian manifolds, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 21 (1962), 193-238. MR 27:1910
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- P. Biane, Free probability for probabilists, MSRI preprint 1998-040.
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- A. Buch, The saturation conjecture (after A. Knutson and T. Tao), to appear in l'Enseignement Math., math.C0/9810180.
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- D. Carlson, Inequalities relating the degrees of elementary divisors within a matrix, Simon Stevin 44 (1970), 3-10. MR 43:232
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- H. Derksen and J. Weyman, Semi-invariants of quivers and saturation for Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, to appear in J. Amer. Math. Soc.
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- J. Deruyts, Essai d'une théorie générale des formes algébriques, Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège 17 (1892), 1-156.
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- S. Friedland, Extremal eigenvalue problems for convex sets of symmetric matrices and operators, Israel J. Math. 15 (1973), 311-331. MR 49:2796
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- W. Fulton, Intersection Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1984, 1998. MR 85k:14004
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- -, Young Tableaux, Cambridge University Press, 1997. MR 99f:05119
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- -, Eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices (after A. Klyachko), Séminaire Bourbaki 845, June, 1998, Astérisque 252 (1998), 255-269. CMP 99:13
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- D. Grayson, Reduction theory using semistability, Comm. Math. Helvetici 59 (1984), 600-634. MR 86h:22018
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- G. J. Heckman, Projections of orbits and asymptotic behavior of multiplicities for compact connected Lie groups, Invent. Math. 67 (1982), 333-356. MR 84d:22019
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- U. Helmke and J. Rosenthal, Eigenvalue inequalities and Schubert calculus, Math. Nachr. 171 (1995), 207- 225. MR 96b:15039
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- J. Hersch and B. Zwahlen, Évaluations par défaut pour une summe quelconque de valeurs propres
d'un opérateur , à l'aide de valeurs propres de et de , C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris 254 (1962), 1559-1561. MR 24:A2583
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- A. Horn, Doubly stochastic matrices and the diagonal of a rotation matrix, Amer. J. Math. 76 (1954), 620-630. MR 16:105c
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- -, Eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices, Pacific J. Math. 12 (1962), 225-241. MR 25:3941
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- C. R. Johnson, Precise intervals for specific eigenvalues of a product of a positive definite and a Hermitian matrix, Linear Algebra Appl. 117 (1989), 159-164.
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- C. R. Johnson and E. A. Schreiner, The relationship between
and , Amer. Math. Monthly 103 (1996), 578-582. MR 97e:15007
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- S. Johnson, The Schubert calculus and eigenvalue inequalities for sums of Hermitian matrices, Ph.D. thesis, University of California. Santa Barbara, 1979.
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- S. L. Kleiman, The transversality of a general translate, Compositio Math. 28 (1974), 287-297. MR 50:13063
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- A. A. Klyachko, Stable bundles, representation theory and Hermitian operators, Selecta Math. 4 (1998), 419- 445. MR 2000b:14054
- [Kl2]
- -, Random walks on symmetric spaces and inequalities for matrix spectra, preprint, 1999.
- [Kn]
- A. Knutson, The symplectic and algebraic geometry of Horn's problem, math.LA/9911088.
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- A. Knutson and T. Tao, The honeycomb model of
tensor products I: proof of the saturation conjecture, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1999), 1055-1090. MR 2000c:20066
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- A. Knutson, T. Tao and C. Woodward, Honeycombs II: facets of the Littlewood-Richardson cone, to appear.
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- B. Kostant, Lie algebra cohomology and the generalized Borel-Weil theorem, Annals of Math. 74 (1961), 329-387. MR 26:265
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- S. Lang, Algebra, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1984. MR 86j:00003
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- B. V. Lidskii, The proper values of the sum and product of symmetric matrices, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 74 (1950), 769-772 (Russian).
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-polynomials approach, Compositio Math. 107 (1997), 11-87. MR 98g:14063
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- J. F. Queiró and E. Marques de Sá, Singular values and invariant factors of matrix sums and products, Linear Algebra Appl. 225 (1995), 43-56. MR 96e:15012
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- R. C. Riddell, Minimax problems on Grassmann manifolds. Sums of eigenvalues, Adv. in Math. 54 (1984), 107-199. MR 86k:58019
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- A. P. Santana, J. F. Queiró and E. Marques de Sá, Group representations and matrix spectral problems, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 46 (1999), 1-23. CMP 2000:02
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- F. Sottile, The special Schubert calculus is real, Electron. Res. Announc. Amer. Math. Soc. 5 (1999), 35-39. MR 2000c:14074
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- T. Y. Tam, A unified extension of two results of Ky Fan on the sum of matrices, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 126 (1998), 2607-2614. MR 98m:15032
- [Thi]
- G. P. A. Thijsse, The local invariant factors of a product of holomorphic matrix functions: the order
case, Integral Equations Operator Theory 16 (1993), 277-304, 605. MR 94c:47021a; MR 94c:47021b
- [Th1]
- R. C. Thompson, An inequality for invariant factors, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 86 (1982), 9-11. MR 83k:15014
- [Th2]
- -, Smith invariants of a product of integral matrices, Contemp. Math. 47 (1985), 401-435. MR 87k:15024
- [Th3]
- -, Invariant factors of algebraic combinations of matrices, Frequency domain and state space methods for linear systems, North Holland, 1986, pp. 73-87. MR 89c:15001
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- R. C. Thompson and L. Freede, On the eigenvalues of a sum of Hermitian matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 4 (1971), 369-376. MR 44:5330
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- R. C. Thompson and S. Therianos, The eigenvalues and singular values of matrix sums and products. VII, Canad. Math. Bull 16 (1973), 561-569. MR 50:4629
- [TT2]
- -, On a construction of B. P. Zwahlen, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 1 (1973/74), 309-325. MR 49:5044
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- B. Totaro, Tensor products of semistables are semistable, Geometry and Analysis on complex Manifolds, World Sci. Publ., 1994, pp. 242-250. MR 98k:14014
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- H. Weyl, Das asymtotische Verteilungsgesetz der Eigenwerte lineare partieller Differentialgleichungen, Math. Ann. 71 (1912), 441-479.
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Additional Information
William Fulton
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109
Email:
wfulton@math.lsa.umich.edu
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-00-00865-X
PII:
S 0273-0979(00)00865-X
Received by editor(s):
July 1, 1999
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
January 3, 2000
Posted:
April 5, 2000
Additional Notes:
The author was partly supported by NSF Grant #DMS9970435.
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2000 American Mathematical Society
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