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D. H. Lehmer, "An extended theory of Lucas' functions," Ann. of Math. (2), v. 31, 1930, p. 446. MR 1502953

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W. Sierpiński, A Selection of Problems in the Theory of Numbers, translated from Polish, Macmillan, New York, 1964, p. 28. MR 30 #1078. MR 0170843 (30:1078)

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R. M. Robinson, "A report on primes of the form and on factors of Fermat numbers," Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., v. 9, 1958, pp. 674-675. MR 20 #3097. MR 0096614 (20:3097)