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Quadratic class numbers and character sums
Author:
Andrew R. Booker
Journal:
Math. Comp. 75 (2006), 1481-1492
MSC (2000):
Primary 11Y35
Posted:
March 21, 2006
MathSciNet review:
2219039
Full-text PDF Free Access
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Abstract: We present an algorithm for computing the class number of the quadratic number field of discriminant . The algorithm terminates unconditionally with the correct answer and, under the GRH, executes in steps. The technique used combines algebraic methods with Burgess' theorem on character sums to estimate . We give an explicit version of Burgess' theorem valid for prime discriminants and, as an application, we compute the class number of a 32-digit discriminant.
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W. Lenstra Jr., On the calculation of regulators and class numbers
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Cambridge, 1982, pp. 123–150. MR 697260
(86g:11080)
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L. B. Pierce.
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J.
Barkley Rosser and Lowell
Schoenfeld, Approximate formulas for some functions of prime
numbers, Illinois J. Math. 6 (1962), 64–94. MR 0137689
(25 #1139)
- 30.
Daniel
Shanks, Class number, a theory of factorization, and genera,
1969 Number Theory Institute (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Vol. XX, State
Univ. New York, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1969), Amer. Math. Soc., Providence,
R.I., 1971, pp. 415–440. MR 0316385
(47 #4932)
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Daniel
Shanks, The infrastructure of a real quadratic field and its
applications, Proceedings of the Number Theory Conference (Univ.
Colorado, Boulder, Colo., 1972), Univ. Colorado, Boulder, Colo., 1972,
pp. 217–224. MR 0389842
(52 #10672)
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Anitha
Srinivasan, Computations of class numbers of real
quadratic fields, Math. Comp.
67 (1998), no. 223, 1285–1308. MR 1468944
(99b:11143), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-98-00965-X
- 33.
The PARI Group, Bordeaux.
PARI/GP tutorial, 2004. available from http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/doc.html.
- 34.
The PARI Group, Bordeaux.
PARI/GP, version 2.1.5, 2004. available from http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/.
- 1.
- A. O. L. Atkin and D. J. Bernstein.
Prime sieves using binary quadratic forms. Math. Comp., 73(246):1023-1030 (electronic), 2004. MR 2031423 (2004i:11147)
- 2.
- Ingrid Biehl and Johannes Buchmann.
Algorithms for quadratic orders. In Mathematics of Computation 1943-1993: a half-century of computational mathematics (Vancouver, BC, 1993), volume 48 of Proc. Sympos. Appl. Math., pages 425-449. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1994. MR 1314882 (95m:11146)
- 3.
- Andrew R. Booker and Andreas Strömbergsson.
Numerical computations with the trace formula and the Selberg eigenvalue conjecture, Crelle (to appear).
- 4.
- J. Buchmann.
Algorithms for Binary Quadratic Forms. Springer-Verlag, to appear.
- 5.
- J. Buchmann and S. Düllmann.
A probabilistic class group and regulator algorithm and its implementation. In Computational number theory (Debrecen, 1989), pages 53-72. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1991. MR 1151855 (92m:11150)
- 6.
- Johannes Buchmann.
A subexponential algorithm for the determination of class groups and regulators of algebraic number fields. In Séminaire de Théorie des Nombres, Paris 1988-1989, volume 91 of Progr. Math., pages 27-41. Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, MA, 1990. MR 1104698 (92g:11125)
- 7.
- Johannes Buchmann and Stephan Düllmann.
Distributed class group computation. In Informatik, volume 1 of Teubner-Texte Inform., pages 69-79. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1992. MR 1182565 (93e:11153)
- 8.
- Johannes Buchmann, Michael J. Jacobson, Jr., Stefan Neis, Patrick Theobald, and Damian Weber.
Sieving methods for class group computation. In Algorithmic algebra and number theory (Heidelberg, 1997), pages 3-10. Springer, Berlin, 1999. MR 1672089 (2000a:11177)
- 9.
- Johannes Buchmann, Michael J. Jacobson, Jr., and Edlyn Teske.
On some computational problems in finite abelian groups. Math. Comp., 66(220):1663-1687, 1997. MR 1432126 (98a:11185)
- 10.
- D. A. Burgess.
The distribution of quadratic residues and non-residues. Mathematika, 4:106-112, 1957. MR 0093504 (20:28)
- 11.
- H. Cohen, F. Diaz y Diaz, and M. Olivier.
Calculs de nombres de classes et de régulateurs de corps quadratiques en temps sous-exponentiel. In Séminaire de Théorie des Nombres, Paris, 1990-91, volume 108 of Progr. Math., pages 35-46. Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, MA, 1993. MR 1263522 (94m:11151)
- 12.
- H. Cohen and H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
Heuristics on class groups of number fields. In Number theory, Noordwijkerhout 1983 (Noordwijkerhout, 1983), volume 1068 of Lecture Notes in Math., pages 33-62. Springer, Berlin, 1984. MR 0756082 (85j:11144)
- 13.
- Henri Cohen.
A course in computational algebraic number theory, volume 138 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993. MR 1228206 (94i:11105)
- 14.
- R. De Haan, M. J. Jacobson, Jr., and H. C. Williams.
A fast, rigorous technique for verifying the regulator of a real quadratic field. preprint, 2004.
- 15.
- P. Dusart.
Autour de la fonction qui compte le nombre de nombres premiers. Université de Limoges, Ph.D. thesis, 1998.
- 16.
- E. Grosswald.
On Burgess' bound for primitive roots modulo primes and an application to . Amer. J. Math., 103(6):1171-1183, 1981. MR 0636957 (82k:10059)
- 17.
- James L. Hafner and Kevin S. McCurley.
A rigorous subexponential algorithm for computation of class groups. J. Amer. Math. Soc., 2(4):837-850, 1989. MR 1002631 (91f:11090)
- 18.
- H. A. Helfgott and A. Venkatesh.
Integral points on elliptic curves and -torsion in class groups. preprint, 2004.
- 19.
- Henryk Iwaniec and Emmanuel Kowalski.
Analytic number theory, volume 53 of American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2004. MR 2061214 (2005h:11005)
- 20.
- Michael J. Jacobson, Jr., Renate Scheidler, and Hugh C. Williams.
The efficiency and security of a real quadratic field based key exchange protocol. In Public-key cryptography and computational number theory (Warsaw, 2000), pages 89-112. de Gruyter, Berlin, 2001. MR 1881630 (2003f:94062)
- 21.
- Chun-Gang Ji and Hong-Wen Lu.
Lower bound of real primitive -function at . Acta Arith., 111(4):405-409, 2004. MR 2039505 (2004k:11140)
- 22.
- A. K. Lenstra and H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
Algorithms in number theory. Tech. Report 97-008, 1987.
- 23.
- A. K. Lenstra and H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
Algorithms in number theory. In Handbook of theoretical computer science, Vol. A, pages 673-715. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990. MR 1127178
- 24.
- H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
On the calculation of regulators and class numbers of quadratic fields. In Number theory days, 1980 (Exeter, 1980), volume 56 of London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., pages 123-150. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1982. MR 0697260 (86g:11080)
- 25.
- J.E. Littlewood.
On the class number of the corpus . Proc. London Math. Soc., 27:358-372, 1928.
- 26.
- Stéphane Louboutin.
Computation of class numbers of quadratic number fields. Math. Comp., 71(240):1735-1743 (electronic), 2002. MR 1933052 (2003i:11163)
- 27.
- K. S. McCurley.
Cryptographic key distribution and computation in class groups. In Proceedings NATO ASI on Number Theory and Applications (Dordrecht), volume 265 of ASI Series C, pages 459-479. Kluwer, 1989. MR 1123090 (92e:11149)
- 28.
- L. B. Pierce.
The -part of class numbers of quadratic fields. Oxford University, MSc. thesis, 2004.
- 29.
- J. Barkley Rosser and Lowell Schoenfeld.
Approximate formulas for some functions of prime numbers. Illinois J. Math., 6:64-94, 1962. MR 0137689 (25:1139)
- 30.
- Daniel Shanks.
Class number, a theory of factorization, and genera. In 1969 Number Theory Institute (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Vol. XX, State Univ. New York, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1969), pages 415-440. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R.I., 1971. MR 0316385 (47:4932)
- 31.
- Daniel Shanks.
The infrastructure of a real quadratic field and its applications. In Proceedings of the Number Theory Conference (Univ. Colorado, Boulder, Colo., 1972), pages 217-224, Boulder, Colo., 1972. Univ. Colorado. MR 0389842 (52:10672)
- 32.
- Anitha Srinivasan.
Computations of class numbers of real quadratic fields. Math. Comp., 67(223):1285-1308, 1998. MR 1468944 (99b:11143)
- 33.
- The PARI Group, Bordeaux.
PARI/GP tutorial, 2004. available from http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/doc.html.
- 34.
- The PARI Group, Bordeaux.
PARI/GP, version 2.1.5, 2004. available from http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/.
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Additional Information
Andrew R. Booker
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, 530 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Email:
arbooker@umich.edu
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01850-3
PII:
S 0025-5718(06)01850-3
Received by editor(s):
November 26, 2004
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
July 21, 2005
Posted:
March 21, 2006
Additional Notes:
The author was supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2006 American Mathematical Society
The copyright for this article reverts to public domain 28 years after publication.
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