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A new criterion for -hyponormality via weak subnormality
Authors:
Raúl E. Curto, Sang Hoon Lee and Woo Young Lee
Journal:
Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 133 (2005), 1805-1816
MSC (2000):
Primary 47B20, 47B35, 47A63; Secondary 47B37, 47B38, 47A05, 30D50
Posted:
December 20, 2004
MathSciNet review:
2120281
Full-text PDF Free Access
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Abstract: In this article we obtain a criterion for -hyponormality via weak subnormality. Using this criterion we recapture Spitkovskii's subnormality criterion and give a simple proof of the main result in Gu's preprint (2001), which describes a gap between -hyponormality and ( )-hyponormality for Toeplitz operators. In addition, we notice that the minimal normal extension of a subnormal operator is exactly the inductive limit of its minimal partially normal extensions.
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Joseph
Bram, Subnormal operators, Duke Math. J. 22
(1955), 75–94. MR 0068129
(16,835a)
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John
B. Conway, The theory of subnormal operators, Mathematical
Surveys and Monographs, vol. 36, American Mathematical Society,
Providence, RI, 1991. MR 1112128
(92h:47026)
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Carl
C. Cowen, More subnormal Toeplitz operators, J. Reine Angew.
Math. 367 (1986), 215–219. MR 839133
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of some recent results in operator theory, Vol. I, Pitman Res. Notes Math.
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J. Long, Some subnormal Toeplitz operators, J. Reine Angew.
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E. Curto, Quadratically hyponormal weighted shifts, Integral
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Raúl
E. Curto and Lawrence
A. Fialkow, Recursiveness, positivity, and truncated moment
problems, Houston J. Math. 17 (1991), no. 4,
603–635. MR 1147276
(93a:47016)
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Raúl
E. Curto and Lawrence
A. Fialkow, Recursively generated weighted shifts and the subnormal
completion problem, Integral Equations Operator Theory
17 (1993), no. 2, 202–246. MR 1233668
(94h:47050), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200218
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Raúl
E. Curto and Lawrence
A. Fialkow, Recursively generated weighted shifts and the subnormal
completion problem. II, Integral Equations Operator Theory
18 (1994), no. 4, 369–426. MR 1265443
(94m:47044), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200183
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Raúl
E. Curto, Il
Bong Jung, and Sang
Soo Park, A characterization of 𝑘-hyponormality via weak
subnormality, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 279 (2003),
no. 2, 556–568. MR 1974045
(2004b:47032), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-247X(03)00034-9
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Raúl
E. Curto, Sang
Hoon Lee, and Woo
Young Lee, Subnormality and 2-hyponormality for Toeplitz
operators, Integral Equations Operator Theory 44
(2002), no. 2, 138–148. MR 1930833
(2003f:47045), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01217530
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Raúl
E. Curto and Woo
Young Lee, Joint hyponormality of Toeplitz pairs, Mem. Amer.
Math. Soc. 150 (2001), no. 712, x+65. MR 1810770
(2002c:47042)
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Raúl
E. Curto and Woo
Young Lee, Towards a model theory for 2-hyponormal operators,
Integral Equations Operator Theory 44 (2002), no. 3,
290–315. MR 1933654
(2003m:47036), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212035
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Raúl
E. Curto and Woo
Young Lee, Subnormality and 𝑘-hyponormality of Toeplitz
operators: a brief survey and open questions, Operator theory and
Banach algebras (Rabat, 1999) Theta, Bucharest, 2003,
pp. 73–81. MR 2006315
(2004j:47059)
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Raúl
E. Curto, Paul
S. Muhly, and Jingbo
Xia, Hyponormal pairs of commuting operators, Contributions to
operator theory and its applications (Mesa, AZ, 1987), Oper. Theory Adv.
Appl., vol. 35, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1988, pp. 1–22. MR 1017663
(90m:47037)
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G. Douglas, Vern
Paulsen, and Ke
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20 (1989), no. 1,
67–71. MR
955316 (90f:47028), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-1989-15700-5
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Peng
Fan, Note on subnormal weighted
shifts, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.
103 (1988), no. 3,
801–802. MR
947661 (89j:47016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1988-0947661-0
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C. Gu, Non-subnormal
-hyponormal Toeplitz operators, preprint, 2001.
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P.
R. Halmos, Ten problems in Hilbert
space, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 76 (1970), 887–933. MR 0270173
(42 #5066), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9904-1970-12502-2
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P.
R. Halmos, Ten years in Hilbert space, Integral Equations
Operator Theory 2 (1979), no. 4, 529–564. MR 555777
(81c:47003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691076
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Ji
Pu Ma and Shao
Jie Zhou, A necessary and sufficient condition for an operator to
be subnormal, Nanjing Daxue Xuebao Shuxue Bannian Kan
2 (1985), no. 2, 258–267 (Chinese, with English
summary). MR
834313 (87i:47031)
- [McCP]
Scott
McCullough and Vern
Paulsen, A note on joint
hyponormality, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.
107 (1989), no. 1,
187–195. MR
972236 (90a:47062), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1989-0972236-8
- [Smu]
Ju.
L. Šmul′jan, An operator Hellinger integral, Mat.
Sb. (N.S.) 49 (91) (1959), 381–430 (Russian). MR 0121662
(22 #12396)
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I.
M. Spitkovskiĭ, A criterion for the subnormalcy of operators
in Hilbert space, Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen. 16
(1982), no. 2, 86–87 (Russian). MR 659177
(83i:47033)
- [Sta]
J.
G. Stampfli, Which weighted shifts are subnormal?, Pacific J.
Math. 17 (1966), 367–379. MR 0193520
(33 #1740)
- [Bra]
- J. Bram, Subnormal operators, Duke Math. J. 22 (1955), 75-94. MR 0068129 (16:835a)
- [Con]
- J. B. Conway, The Theory of Subnormal Operators, Math. Surveys and Monographs vol. 36, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 1991. MR 1112128 (92h:47026)
- [Cow1]
- C. Cowen, More subnormal Toeplitz operators, J. Reine Angew. Math. 367 (1986), 215-219. MR 0839133 (87h:47063)
- [Cow2]
- -, Hyponormal and subnormal Toeplitz operators, Surveys of Some Recent Results in Operator Theory, I (J.B. Conway and B.B. Morrel, eds.), Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics, Vol 171, Longman, 1988, pp. 155-167. MR 0958573 (90j:47022)
- [CoL]
- C. C. Cowen and J. J. Long, Some subnormal Toeplitz operators, J. Reine Angew. Math. 351 (1984), 216-220. MR 0749683 (86h:47034)
- [Cu1]
- R.E. Curto, Quadratically hyponormal weighted shifts, Integral Equations Operator Theory 13 (1990), 49-66. MR 1025673 (90k:47061)
- [Cu2]
- -, Joint hyponormality: A bridge between hyponormality and subnormality, Operator Theory: Operator Algebras and Applications (Durham, NH, 1988) (W.B. Arveson and R.G. Douglas, eds.), Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Vol. 51, part II, American Mathematical Society, Providence, (1990), Part 11, 69-91. MR 1077422 (91k:47049)
- [CuF1]
- R.E. Curto and L.A. Fialkow, Recursiveness, positivity, and truncated moment problems, Houston J. Math. 17 (1991), 603-635. MR 1147276 (93a:47016)
- [CuF2]
- -, Recursively generated weighted shifts and the subnormal completion problem, Integral Equations Operator Theory 17 (1993), 202-2 46. MR 1233668 (94h:47050)
- [CuF3]
- -, Recursively generated weighted shifts and the subnormal completion problem, II, Integral Equations Operator Theory 18 (1994), 36 9-426. MR 1265443 (94m:47044)
- [CJP]
- R. E. Curto, I. B. Jung and S. S. Park, A characterization of
-hyponormality via weak subnormality, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 279 (2003), 556-568. MR 1974045 (2004b:47032)
- [CLL]
- R. E. Curto, S. H. Lee and W. Y. Lee, Subnormality and 2-hyponormality for Toeplitz operators, Integral Equations Operator Theory 44 (2002), 138- 148. MR 1930833 (2003f:47045)
- [CuL1]
- R. E. Curto and W. Y. Lee, Joint hyponormality of Toeplitz pairs, Memoirs Amer. Math. Soc. no. 712, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 2001. MR 1810770 (2002c:47042)
- [CuL2]
- -, Towards a model theory for
-hyponormal operators, Integral Equations Operator Theory 44 (2002), 290-315. MR 1933654 (2003m:47036)
- [CuL3]
- -, Subnormality and
-hyponormality of Toeplitz operators: A brief survey and open questions, Operator theory and Banach algebras (Rabat, 1999), 73-81, Theta, Bucharest, 2003. MR 2006315
- [CMX]
- R. E. Curto, P. S. Muhly and J. Xia, Hyponormal pairs of commuting operators, Contributions to Operator Theory and Its Applications (Mesa, AZ, 1987) (I. Gohberg, J.W. Helton and L. Rodman, eds.), Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol. 35, Birkhäuser, Basel-Boston, (1988), 1-22. MR 1017663 (90m:47037)
- [DPY]
- R.G. Douglas, V.I. Paulsen, and K. Yan, Operator theory and algebraic geometry, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 20 (1989), 67-71. MR 0955316 (90f:47028)
- [Fan]
- P. Fan, Note on subnormal weighted shifts, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 103 (1988), 801-802. MR 0947661 (89j:47016)
- [Gu]
- C. Gu, Non-subnormal
-hyponormal Toeplitz operators, preprint, 2001.
- [Ha1]
- P. R. Halmos, Ten problems in Hilbert space, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 76 (1970), 887-933. MR 0270173 (42:5066)
- [Ha2]
- -, Ten years in Hilbert space, Integral Equations Operator Theory 2 (1979), 529-564. MR 0555777 (81c:47003)
- [MaZ]
- J. Ma and S. Zhou, A necessary and sufficient condition for an operator to be subnormal, Nanjing Daxue Xuebao (Chinese) 2 (1985), 258-267. MR 0834313 (87i:47031)
- [McCP]
- S. McCullough and V. Paulsen, A note on joint hyponormality, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 107 (1989), 187-195. MR 0972236 (90a:47062)
- [Smu]
- J. L. Smul'jan, An operator Hellinger integral (Russian), Mat. Sb. (N.S.) 91 (1959), 381-430. MR 0121662 (22:12396)
- [Spi]
- I. M. Spitkovskii, A criterion for normality of operators in Hilbert space , Funct. Anal. Appl. 16 (1982), 367-379. MR 0659177 (83i:47033)
- [Sta]
- J. G. Stampfli, Which weighted shifts are subnormal?, Pacific J. Math. 17 (1966), 367-379. MR 0193520 (33:1740)
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Additional Information
Raúl E. Curto
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
Email:
rcurto@math.uiowa.edu
Sang Hoon Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
Email:
shlee@math.skku.ac.kr
Woo Young Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
Email:
wylee@math.snu.ac.kr
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-04-07727-5
PII:
S 0002-9939(04)07727-5
Keywords:
$k$-hyponormal operators,
subnormal operators,
Toeplitz operators,
unilateral weighted shifts,
weak subnormality
Received by editor(s):
August 31, 2003
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
February 23, 2004
Posted:
December 20, 2004
Additional Notes:
The work of the first-named author was partially supported by NSF research grants DMS-9800931 and DMS-0099357.
The work of the third-named author was partially supported by KOSEF research project No. R01-2000-00003-0
Communicated by:
David R. Larson
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2004 American Mathematical Society
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