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Classifying -handles attached to knotted surfaces
Author:
Jeffrey Boyle
Journal:
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 306 (1988), 475-487
MSC:
Primary 57Q45; Secondary 57M99
MathSciNet review:
933302
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Abstract: We study a method of obtaining knotted surfaces in the -sphere by attaching embedded -dimensional -handles to a given knot. The main result is there is a one-to-one correspondence between the -handles that can be attached to a knot and the double cosets of the peripheral subgroup in the group of the knot. Many examples and applications are given.
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- E. Artin, Zur isotopie zweidimensionaler flachen in
, Hamburg Abh. 4 (1925), 174-177.
- [As]
- K. Asano, A note on surfaces in
-spheres, Math. Sem. Notes Kobe Univ. 4 (1976), 195-198. MR 0436150 (55:9100)
- [F]
- R. H. Fox, A quick trip through knot theory, Topology of
-manifolds and Related Topics, M. K. Fort, Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962, pp. 120-167. MR 0140099 (25:3522)
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- M. Hirsch, Notes on differential topology, Department of Math., Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1973.
- [HK]
- F. Hosokawa and A. Kawaushi, Proposals for unknotted surfaces in four-spaces, Osaka J. Math. 16 (1979), 233-248. MR 527028 (81c:57018)
- [Hu]
- J. F. P. Hudson, Embeddings of bounded manifolds, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 72 (1972), 11-20. MR 0298679 (45:7728)
- [Ln]
- M. Lien, Construction of high dimensional knot groups from classical knot groups, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa, 1984.
- [L1]
- R. A. Litherland, The second homology of the group of a knotted surface, Quart J. Math. Oxford (2) 32 (1981), 421-434. MR 635591 (83a:57024)
- [L2]
- -, Deforming twist-spun knots, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 250 (1979), 11-20. MR 530058 (80i:57015)
- [Lv]
- C. Livingston, Stably irreducible surfaces in
, Pacific J. Math. 116 (1) (1985), 77-84. MR 769824 (86g:57024)
- [Rf]
- D. Rolfsen, Knots and links, Publish or Perish, Berkely, Calif., 1976. MR 0515288 (58:24236)
- [Ri]
- R. Riley, Homomorphs of knot groups on finite groups, Math. Comp. 25 (1971), 603-619. MR 0295332 (45:4399)
- [Sc]
- H. Schubert, Knoten mit zwei brucken, Math. Z. 65 (1950), 133-170. MR 0082104 (18:498e)
- [Sh]
- P. Shalen, Infinitely divisible elements in
-manifold groups, Knots, Groups and -Manifolds, L. P. Newirth, Ed., Ann. of Math. Studies, no. 84, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1975, pp. 293-335. MR 0375280 (51:11476)
- [Z]
- E. C. Zeeman, Twisting spun knots, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 115 (1965), 471-495. MR 0195085 (33:3290)
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Additional Information
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1988-0933302-X
PII:
S 0002-9947(1988)0933302-X
Article copyright:
© Copyright 1988 American Mathematical Society
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