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A discrete approach to monotonicity of zeros of orthogonal polynomials
Authors:
Mourad E. H. Ismail and Martin E. Muldoon
Journal:
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 323 (1991), 65-78
MSC:
Primary 33C50; Secondary 15A42
MathSciNet review:
1014251
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Abstract: We study the monotonicity with respect to a parameter of zeros of orthogonal polynomials. Our method uses the tridiagonal (Jacobi) matrices arising from the three-term recurrence relation for the polynomials. We obtain new results on monotonicity of zeros of associated Laguerre, Al-Salam-Carlitz, Meixner and Pollaczek polynomials. We also derive inequalities for the zeros of the Al-Salam-Carlitz and Meixner polynomials.
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Askey and Mourad
Ismail, Recurrence relations, continued fractions, and orthogonal
polynomials, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 49 (1984),
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Askey and Jet
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0176141 (31 #416)
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S. Chihara, Chain sequences and orthogonal
polynomials, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 104 (1962), 1–16. MR 0138933
(25 #2373), http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1962-0138933-7
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S. Chihara, An introduction to orthogonal polynomials, Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1978. Mathematics and its
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A. Erdélyi et al., Higher transcendental functions, vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953.
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A. Horn and Charles
R. Johnson, Matrix analysis, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1985. MR 832183
(87e:15001)
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Mourad
E. H. Ismail, The variation of zeros of certain orthogonal
polynomials, Adv. in Appl. Math. 8 (1987),
no. 1, 111–118. MR 876957
(88a:33022), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8858(87)90009-1
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Mourad
E. H. Ismail, Monotonicity of zeros of orthogonal polynomials,
𝑞-series and partitions (Minneapolis, MN, 1988) IMA Vol. Math.
Appl., vol. 18, Springer, New York, 1989, pp. 177–190. MR 1019851
(90j:33009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0637-5_14
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Mourad
E. H. Ismail, David
R. Masson, Jean
Letessier, and Galliano
Valent, Birth and death processes and orthogonal polynomials,
Orthogonal polynomials (Columbus, OH, 1989) NATO Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser. C
Math. Phys. Sci., vol. 294, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 1990,
pp. 229–255. MR 1100296
(93c:42021)
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Mourad
E. H. Ismail, Jean
Letessier, and Galliano
Valent, Linear birth and death models and associated Laguerre and
Meixner polynomials, J. Approx. Theory 55 (1988),
no. 3, 337–348. MR 968940
(89m:60204), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9045(88)90100-1
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M. E. H. Ismail, D. Stanton, and D. White, The combinatorics of Charlier polynomials (to appear).
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Mourad
E. H. Ismail and Ruiming
Zhang, On the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and the variation of zeros
of certain special functions, Adv. in Appl. Math. 9
(1988), no. 4, 439–446. MR 968677
(89i:81150), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8858(88)90022-X
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Andrea
Laforgia and Martin
E. Muldoon, Some consequences of the Sturm comparison theorem,
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(87c:34050), http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2322698
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Conf., Uppsala, 1977) Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1977,
pp. 125–133. Sympos. Univ. Upsaliensis Ann. Quingentesimum
Celebrantis, No. 7. MR 0492536
(58 #11644)
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W. Marshall and Ingram
Olkin, Inequalities: theory of majorization and its
applications, Mathematics in Science and Engineering, vol. 143,
Academic Press Inc. [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers], New York, 1979.
MR 552278
(81b:00002)
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G. Szegà, Orthogonal polynomials, Amer. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ., vol. 23, 4th ed., Amer. Math. Soc.,, Providence, R.I., 1975.
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H.
S. Wall, Analytic Theory of Continued Fractions, D. Van
Nostrand Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1948. MR 0025596
(10,32d)
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H.
S. Wall and Marion
Wetzel, Quadratic forms and convergence regions for continued
fractions, Duke Math. J. 11 (1944), 89–102. MR 0011340
(6,151b)
- [1]
- R. Askey, private communication.
- [2]
- R. Askey and M. E. H. Ismail, Recurrence relations, continued fractions and orthogonal polynomials, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. No. 300 (1984). MR 743545 (85g:33008)
- [3]
- R. Askey and J. Wimp, Associated Laguerre and Hermite polynomials, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 96 (1984), 15-37. MR 741641 (85f:33014)
- [4]
- F. V. Atkinson, Discrete and continuous boundary value problems, Academic Press, New York, 1964. MR 0176141 (31:416)
- [5]
- T. S. Chihara, Chain sequences and orthogonal polynomials, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 104 (1962), 1-16. MR 0138933 (25:2373)
- [6]
- -, An introduction to orthogonal polynomials, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1978. MR 0481884 (58:1979)
- [7]
- A. Erdélyi et al., Higher transcendental functions, vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953.
- [8]
- -, Higher transcendental functions, vol. 2, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954.
- [9]
- G. Freud, Orthogonal polynomials, English transl., Pergamon Press, New York, 1971.
- [10]
- W. Hahn, Über Orthogonalpolynome mit drei Parameteren, Deutsche Math. 5 (1940-41), 373-378. MR 0013467 (7:157f)
- [11]
- R. Horn and C. Johnson, Matrix analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1985. MR 832183 (87e:15001)
- [12]
- M. E. H. Ismail, The variation of zeros of certain orthogonal polynomials, Adv. Appl. Math. 8 (1987), 111-118. MR 876957 (88a:33022)
- [13]
- -, Monotonicity of zeros of orthogonal polynomials, in
-Series and Partitions (D. Stanton, ed.), IMA Vol. Math. Appl., vol. 18, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989, pp. 177-190. MR 1019851 (90j:33009)
- [14]
- M. E. H. Ismail, J. Letessier, D. R. Masson, and G. Valent, Birth and death processes and orthogonal polynomials, Orthogonal Polynomials: Theory and Practice (P. Nevai, ed.), NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, and London, 1990, pp. 229-255. MR 1100296 (93c:42021)
- [15]
- M. E. H. Ismail, J. Letessier, and G. Valent, Linear birth and death models and associated Laguerre polynomials, J. Approx. Theory 56 (1988), 337-348. MR 968940 (89m:60204)
- [16]
- M. E. H. Ismail, D. Stanton, and D. White, The combinatorics of Charlier polynomials (to appear).
- [17]
- M. E. H. Ismail and R. Zhang, On the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and the variation of zeros of certain special functions, Adv. Appl. Math. 9 (1988), 439-446. MR 968677 (89i:81150)
- [18]
- A. Laforgia and M. E. Muldoon, Some consequences of the Sturm comparison theorem, Amer. Math. Monthly 93 (1986), 89-94. MR 827581 (87c:34050)
- [19]
- L. Lorch, Elementary comparison techniques for certain classes of Sturm-Liouville equations, Differential Equations (G. Berg, M. Essén, and Å. Pleijel, eds.), Proc. Conf. Uppsala, 1977, Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 1977, pp. 125-133. MR 0492536 (58:11644)
- [20]
- A. W. Marshall and I. Olkin, Inequalities: Theory of majorization and its applications, Academic Press, New York, 1979. MR 552278 (81b:00002)
- [21]
- G. Szegà, Orthogonal polynomials, Amer. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ., vol. 23, 4th ed., Amer. Math. Soc.,, Providence, R.I., 1975.
- [22]
- H. S. Wall, Continued fractions, Van Nostrand, New York, 1948; reprinted, Chelsea, New York, 1967. MR 0025596 (10:32d)
- [23]
- H. S. Wall and M. Wetzel, Quadratic forms and convergence regions for continued fractions, Duke Math. J. 11 (1944), 373-397. MR 0011340 (6:151b)
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Additional Information
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1991-1014251-8
PII:
S 0002-9947(1991)1014251-8
Keywords:
Orthogonal polynomials,
zeros,
monotonicity,
recurrence relations,
Jacobi matrices
Article copyright:
© Copyright 1991 American Mathematical Society
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