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The first author was partially supported by NSF grant GP 3990 and the second author, by NSF grant GP 5603.
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Bredon, G.E., Wood, J.W. Non-orientable surfaces in orientable 3-manifolds. Invent Math 7, 83–110 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01389793
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01389793