Abstract
We investigate boundedness of the evolutione itH in the sense ofL 2(ℝ3→L 2(ℝ3) as well asL 1(ℝ3→L ∞(ℝ3) for the non-selfadjoint operator\(\mathcal{H} = \left[ \begin{gathered} - \Delta + \mu - V_1 \\ V_2 \\ \end{gathered} \right. \left. \begin{gathered} V_2 \\ \Delta - \mu + V_1 \\ \end{gathered} \right],\) where μ>0 andV 1, V2 are real-valued decaying potentials. Such operators arise when linearizing a focusing NLS equation around a standing wave, and the aforementioned bounds are needed in the study of nonlinear asymptotic stability of such standing waves. We derive our results under some natural spectral assumptions (corresponding to a ground state soliton of NLS), see A1)–A4) below, but without imposing any restrictions on the edges±μ of the essential spectrum. Our goal is to develop an “axiomatic approach,” which frees the linear theory from any nonlinear context in which it may have arisen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
[Agm] S. Agmon,Spectral properties of Schrödinger operators and scattering theory, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4)2 (1975), 151–218.
[AvAr] V. I. Arnold and A. Avez,Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics, translated from the French by A. Avez. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York-Amsterdam, 1968.
[Beli1] H. Berestycki and P.-L. Lions,Nonlinear scalar field equations. I. Existence of a ground state. Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.82 (1983), 313–345.
[BeLi2] H. Berestycki and P.-L. Lions,Nonlinear scalar field equations. II. Existence of infinitely many solutions, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.82 (1983), 347–375.
[BuPe1] V. S. Buslaev, and G. S. Perelman,Scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation: states that are close to a soliton, (Russian) Algebra i Analiz4 (1992), no. 6, 63–102; translation in St. Petersburg Math. J.4 (1993), 1111–1142.
[BuPe2] V. S. Buslaev, and G. S. Perelman,On the stability of solitary waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, inNonlinear evolution equations, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. Ser. 2, 164, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1995, 75–98.
[CaLi] T. Cazenave and P.-L. Lions,Orbital stability of standing waves for some nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Math. Phys.85 (1982), 549–561
[Co] C. V. Coffman,Uniqueness of positive solutions of Δu— u+u 3 =0 and a variational characterization of other solutions, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.46 (1972), 81–95.
[CoPel] A. Comech and D. Pelinovsky,Purely nonlinear instability of standing waves with minimal energy, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.56 (2003), 1565–1607.
[Cu] S. Cuccagna,Stabilization of solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.54 (2001), 1110–1145.
[CuPe] S. Cuccagna and D. Pelinovsky,Bifurcations from the endpoints of the essential spectrum in the linearized nonlinear Schrödinger problem, J. Math. Phys.46 (2005), 053520, 15 pp.
[CuPeVo] S. Cuccagna, D. Pelinovsky and V. Vougalter,Spectra of positive and negative energies in the linearized NLS problem, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.58 (2005), 1–29.
[De] S. Denissov, private communication.
[ErSc] M. B. Erdoĝan and W. Schlag,Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators in the presence of a resonance and/or an eigenvalue at zero energy in dimension three: I. Dynamics of PDE, vol. 1, (2004), 359–379.
[GJLS] F. Gesztesy and C. K. R. T. Jones, Y. Latushkin and M. Stanislavova,A spectral mapping theorem and invariant manifolds for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Indiana Univ. Math. J.49 (2000), 221–243.
[Go] M. Goldberg,Dispersive bounds for the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation with almost critical potentials, Geom. Funct. Anal., to appear.
[GoSc] M. Goldberg and W. Schlag,Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators in dimensions one and three, Comm. Math. Phys.251, (2004), 157–178.
[Gr] M. Grillakis,Analysis of the linearization around a critical point of an infinite dimensional Hamiltonian system.Comm. Pure. Appl. Math. 41 (1988), 747–774.
[GSSt1] M. Grillakis, J. Shatah and W. Strauss,Stability theory of solitary waves in the presence of symmetry. I, J. Funct. Anal.74 (1987), 160–197.
[GSSt2] M. Grillakis, J. Shatah and W. Strauss,Stability theory of solitary waves in the presence of symmetry. II, J. Funct. Anal.94 (1990), 308–348.
[HiSi] P. D. Hislop, and I. M. Sigal,Introduction to Spectral theory. With applications to Schrödinger operators Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996.
[JeKa] A. Jensen and T. Kato,Spectral properties of Schrödinger operators and time-decay of the wave functions, Duke Math. J.46 (1979), 583–611.
[JeNe] A. Jensen, and G. Nenciu,A unified approach to resolvent expansions at thresholds, Rev. Math. Phys.13 (2001), 717–754.
[JSoS] J.-L. Journé, A. Soffer and C. D. Sogge,Decay estimates for Schrödinger operators, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.44 (1991), 573–604.
[Kw] M. K. Kwong,Uniqueness of positive solutions of Δu−u+u p=0in ℝn, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.65 (1989), 243–266.
[MacK] R. S. MacKay,Stability of equilibria of Hamiltonian systems, inNonlinear phenomena and chaos, (Malvern, 1985), Malvern Phys. Ser., Hilger, Bristol, 1986, pp. 254–270.
[McLSer] K. McLeod and J. Serrin,Nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Uniqueness of positive solutions of Δu+f(u)=0in ℝn. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.99 (1987), 115–145.
[Mur] M. Murata,Asymptotic expansions in time for solutions of Schrödinger-type equations, J. Funct. Anal.49 (1982), 10–56.
[Per1] G. Perelman,On the formation of singularities in solutions of the critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Ann. Henri Poincaré2 (2001), 605–673.
[Per2] G. Perelman,Asymptotic Stability of multi-soliton solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations29 (2004), 1051–1095.
[Rau] J. Rauch,Local decay of scattering solutions to Schrödinger's equation, Comm. Math. Phys.61 (1978), 149–168.
[ReSi] M. Reed and B. Simon,Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics. IV, Academic Press, New York-London, 1979.
[RoSc] I. Rodnianski and W. Schlag,Time decay for solutions of Schrödinger equations with rough and time-dependent potentials, Invent. Math.155 (2004), 451–513.
[RoScS1] I. Rodnianski, W. Schlag and A. Soffer,Dispersive analysis of charge transfer models, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.58 (2005), 149–216.
[RoScS2] I. Rodnianski, W. Schlag and A. Soffer,Asymptotic stability of N-soliton states of NLS, preprint 2003.
[Sc1] W. Schlag,Stable manifolds for an orbitally unstable NLS, Annals of Math. to appear.
[Sc2] W. Schlag,Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators: A survey, Conference Proceedings “Workshop on Aspects of Non-Linear PDE”, IAS Princeton, 2004 to appear.
[Sh] J. Shatah,Stable standing waves of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations, Comm. Math. Phys.91 (1983), 313–327.
[ShSt] J. Shatah and W. Strauss,Instability of nonlinear bound states, Comm. Math. Phys.100 (1985), 173–190.
[SoW1] A. Soffer and M. Weinstein,Multichannel nonlinear scattering for nonintegrable equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 133 (1990), 119–146.
[SoW2] A. Soffer and M. Weinstein,Multichannel nonlinear scattering. II. The case of anysotropic potentials and data, J. Diff. Eq.98 (1992), 376–390.
[Ste] E. Stein,Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1970.
[St1] W. A. Strauss,Existence of solitary waves in higher dimensions, Comm. Math. Phys.55 (1977), 149–162.
[St2] W. A. Strauss,Nonlinear Wave Equations, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics 73, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1989.
[SuSu] C. Sulem and P.-L. Sulem,The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Self-focusing and Wave Collapse, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.
[We1] M. I. Weinstein,Modulational stability of ground states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, SIAM J. Math. Anal.16 (1985), 472–491.
[We2] M. I. Weinstein,Lyapunov stability of ground states of nonlinear dispersive evolution equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.39 (1986), 51–67.
[Ya1] K. Yajima,The W k, p -continuity of wave operators for Schrödinger operators, J. Math. Soc. Japan47 (1995), 551–581.
[Ya2] K. Yajima,Dispersive estimate for Schrödinger equations with threshold resonance and eigenvalue, Comm. Math. Phys.259 (2005), 475–509.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was initiated in June of 2004, while the first author visited Caltech, and he wishes to thank that institution for its hospitality and support. The first author was partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-0303413. The second author was partially supported by a Sloan fellowship and the NSF grant DMS-0300081. The authors thank Avy Soffer for his interest in this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burak Erdoĝan, M., Schlag, W. Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators in the presence of a resonance and/or an eigenvalue at zero energy in dimension three: II. J. Anal. Math. 99, 199–248 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789446
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789446