Abstract
We give a complete list of normal forms for the two-dimensional metrics that admit a transitive Lie pseudogroup of geodesic-preserving transformations and we show that these normal forms are mutually non-isometric. This solves a problem posed by Sophus Lie.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aminova, A.V.: A Lie problem, projective groups of two-dimensional Riemann surfaces, and solitons. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Mat. 1990, 6:3–10, translation in Soviet Math. (Iz. VUZ) 34(6):1–9 (1990)
Aminova A.V. (2003). Projective transformations of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Geometry 9. Math. Sci. (N. Y.) 113(3): 367–470
Beltrami E. (1865). Resoluzione del problema: riportari i punti di una superficie sopra un piano in modo che le linee geodetische vengano rappresentante da linee rette. Ann. Mat. 1(7): 185–204
Benenti S. (2005). Special symmetric two-tensors, equivalent dynamical systems, cofactor and bi-cofactor systems. Acta Appl. Math. 87(1–3): 33–91
Bryant, R.L., Manno, G., Matveev, V.S.: A solution of a problem of Sophus Lie: normal forms of 2-dim metrics admitting two projective vector fields. arXiv:0705.3592
Cartan E. (1924). Sur les variétés à connexion projective. Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 52: 205–241
Darboux, G.: Leçons sur la théorie générale des surfaces, vol. III. Chelsea Publishing (1896); Bronx, N.Y., 1972
Eastwood, M.: Notes on projective differential geometry, Symmetries and Overdetermined Systems of Partial Differential Equations (Minneapolis, MN, 2006), pp. 41–61, IMA Vol. Math. Appl., 144, Springer, New York (2007)
Eastwood, M., Matveev, V.S.: Metric connections in projective differential geometry. Symmetries and Overdetermined Systems of Partial Differential Equations (Minneapolis, MN, 2006), pp. 339–351, IMA Vol. Math. Appl., 144, Springer, New York (2007)
Ibragimov N. (1991). Essay on the Group Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations. Znanie, Moscow
Kalnins, E.G., Kress, J.M., Miller, W. Jr.: Second order superintegrable systems in conformally flat spaces. II. The classical two-dimensional Stäckel transform. J. Math. Phys. 46(5) (2005)
Knebelman M.S. (1930). On groups of motion in related spaces. Am. J. Math. 52: 280–282
Koenigs, G.: Sur les géodesiques a intégrales quadratiques. Note II from Darboux’ ‘Leçons sur la théorie générale des surfaces’, vol. IV. Chelsea Publishing (1896); Bronx, N.Y., 1972
Kowalski O., Vlasek Z. (2007). Classification of locally projectively homogeneous torsion-less affine connections in the plane domains. Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie 48(1): 11–26
Lagrange, J.-L.: Sur la construction des cartes géographiques. Novéaux Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences et Bell-Lettres de Berlin (1779)
Lie, S.: Untersuchungen über geodätische Kurven. Math. Ann. 20 (1882); Sophus Lie Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Band 2, erster Teil, pp. 267–374. Teubner, Leipzig (1935)
Lie, S.: Classification und Integration von gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen zwischen x, y, de eine Gruppe von Transformationen gestatten, III. Norwegian Archives (1883); also appeared in Mathematische Annalen 32, 213–281 (1888)
Lie S. (1912). Vorlesungen über Differentialgleichungen mit bekannten infinitesimalen Transformation. Teubner, Leipzig
Liouville R. (1889). Sur les invariants de certaines équations différentielles et sur leurs applications. Journal de l’École Polytechnique 59: 7–76
Matveev V.S., Topalov P.J. (1998). Trajectory equivalence and corresponding integrals. Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 3(2): 30–45
Matveev V.S., Topalov P.J. (1999). Geodesic equivalence of metrics on surfaces and their integrability. Dokl. Math. 60(1): 112–114
Matveev V.S., Topalov P.J. (2000). Metric with ergodic geodesic flow is completely determined by unparameterized geodesics. ERA AMS 6: 98–104
Matveev V.S. (2004). Die Vermutung von Obata für Dimension 2. Arch. Math. 82: 273–281
Matveev V.S. (2004). Solodovnikov’s theorem in dimension two. Dokl. Math. 69(3): 338–341
Matveev V.S. (2005). Lichnerowicz-Obata conjecture in dimension two. Commun. Math. Helv. 81(3): 541–570
Matveev V.S. (2007). Proof of projective Lichnerowicz-Obata conjecture. J. Differ. Geom. 75: 459–502
Matveev V.S. (2006). Geometric explanation of Beltrami theorem. Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 3(3): 623–629
Romanovskiǐ, Yu.R.: Calculation of local symmetries of second-order ordinary differential equations by Cartan’s equivalence method. Mat. Zametki 60(1), 75–91, 159 (1996); English translation in Math. Notes 60(1–2), 56–67 (1996)
Schouten J.A. (1926). Erlanger Programm und Übertragungslehre. Neue Gesichtspunkte zur Grundlegung der Geometrie. Rendiconti Palermo 50: 142–169
Solodovnikov, A.S.: Projective transformations of Riemannian spaces. Uspehi Mat. Nauk (N.S.) 11, 4(70), 45–116 (1956)
Solodovnikov A.S. (1961). Spaces with common geodesics. Trudy Sem. Vektor. Tenzor. Anal. 11: 43–102
Solodovnikov A.S. (1963). Geometric description of all possible representations of a Riemannian metric in Levi-Civita form. Trudy Sem. Vektor. Tenzor. Anal. 12: 131–173
Solodovnikov A.S. (1969). The group of projective transformations in a complete analytic Riemannian space. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 186: 1262–1265
Topalov P.J., Matveev V.S. (2003). Geodesic equivalence via integrability. Geometriae Dedicata 96: 91–115
Topalov P.J. (2002). Comutative conservation laws for geodesic flows of metrics admitting projective symmetry. Math. Res. Lett. 9: 65–72
Tresse A. (1894). Sur les invariants différentiels des groupes continus de transformations. Acta Math. 18: 1–88
Tresse, A.: Détermination des invariants ponctuels de léquation différentielle ordinaire du second ordre \(y'' = \omega (x,y,y').\) Leipzig. 87 S. gr. 8° (1896)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bryant, R.L., Manno, G. & Matveev, V.S. A solution of a problem of Sophus Lie: normal forms of two-dimensional metrics admitting two projective vector fields. Math. Ann. 340, 437–463 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-007-0158-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-007-0158-3