Skip to main content
Log in

The subconvexity problem for GL2

  • Published:
Publications mathématiques de l'IHÉS Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Generalizing and unifying prior results, we solve the subconvexity problem for the L-functions of GL 1 and GL 2 automorphic representations over a fixed number field, uniformly in all aspects. A novel feature of the present method is the softness of our arguments; this is largely due to a consistent use of canonically normalized period relations, such as those supplied by the work of Waldspurger and Ichino–Ikeda.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Arthur, Eisenstein series and the trace formula, in Automorphic Forms, Representations and L -functions, Part 1 (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., XXXIII, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore., 1977), pp. 253–274, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Arthur, A trace formula for reductive groups. II. Applications of a truncation operator. Compos. Math., 40 (1980), 87–121.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. I. N. Bernšteĭn, All reductive \(\protect\mathfrak{p}\)-adic groups are of type I. Funkc. Anal. Prilozh., 8 (1974), 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Bernstein and A. Reznikov, Sobolev norms of automorphic functionals, Int. Math. Res. Not., 40 (2002), 2155–2174.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Bernstein and A. Reznikov, Subconvexity bounds for triple L-functions and representation theory, arXiv:math/0608555v1, 2006.

  6. V. Blomer, Rankin-Selberg L-functions on the critical line, Manusc. Math., 117 (2005), 111–133.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. V. Blomer and G. Harcos, The spectral decomposition of shifted convolution sums, Duke Math. J., 144 (2008), 321–339.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Blomer and G. Harcos, Hybrid bounds for twisted L-functions, J. Reine Angew. Math., 621 (2008), 53–79.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. V. Blomer, G. Harcos, and Ph. Michel, Bounds for modular L-functions in the level aspect, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Supér. (4), 40 (2007), 697–740.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. C. J. Bushnell and G. Henniart, An upper bound on conductors for pairs, J. Number Theory, 65 (1997), 183–196.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. N. Burq, P. Gérard, and N. Tzvetkov, Restrictions of the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions to submanifolds, Duke Math. J., 138 (2007), 445–486.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. D. A. Burgess, On character sums and L-series. II, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3), 13 (1963), 524–536.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Cowling, U. Haagerup, and R. Howe, Almost L 2 matrix coefficients, J. Reine Angew. Math., 387 (1988), 97–110.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Clozel, Démonstration de la conjecture τ, Invent. Math., 151 (2003), 297–328.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Clozel and E. Ullmo, Équidistribution de mesures algébriques, Compos. Math., 141 (2005), 1255–1309.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Diaconu and P. Garrett, Subconvexity bounds for automorphic L-functions for GL(2) over number fields, preprint (2008).

  17. W. Duke, J. Friedlander, and H. Iwaniec, Bounds for automorphic L-functions, Invent. Math., 112 (1993), 1–8.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. W. Duke, J. Friedlander, and H. Iwaniec, Bounds for automorphic L-functions. II, Invent. Math., 115 (1994), 219–239.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Duke, J. B. Friedlander, and H. Iwaniec, The subconvexity problem for Artin L-functions, Invent. Math., 149 (2002), 489–577.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Einsiedler, E. Lindenstrauss, Ph. Michel, and A. Venkatesh, The distribution of periodic torus orbits on homogeneous spaces: Duke’s theorem for cubic fields, Ann. Math., to appear (2007), arXiv:0903.3591.

  21. M. Einsiedler, E. Lindenstrauss, Ph. Michel, and A. Venkatesh, Distribution of periodic torus orbits on homogeneous spaces I, Duke Math. J., 148 (2009), 119–174.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. É. Fouvry and H. Iwaniec, A subconvexity bound for Hecke L-functions, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Supér. (4), 34 (2001), 669–683.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Friedlander and H. Iwaniec, A mean-value theorem for character sums, Mich. Math. J., 39 (1992), 153–159.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Hoffstein and P. Lockhart, Coefficients of Maass forms and the Siegel zero, with an appendix by Dorian Goldfeld, Hoffstein and Daniel Lieman, Ann. Math. (2), 140 (1994), 161–181.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Gelbart and H. Jacquet, A relation between automorphic representations of GL(2) and GL(3), Ann. Sci. École Norm. Supér. (4), 11 (1978), 471–542.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Gelbart and H. Jacquet, Forms of GL(2) from the analytic point of view, in Automorphic forms, representations and L -functions, Part 1 (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., XXXIII, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore., 1977), pp. 213–251, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. Good, The square mean of Dirichlet series associated with cusp forms, Mathematika, 29 (1982), 278–295.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Gorodnik, F. Maucourant, and H. Oh, Manin’s and Peyre’s conjectures on rational points and adelic mixing, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Supér. (4), 41 (2008), 383–435.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. D. R. Heath-Brown, Hybrid bounds for Dirichlet L-functions, Invent. Math., 47 (1978), 149–170.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. D. R. Heath-Brown, Convexity bounds for L-function, preprint (2008), arXiv:0809.1752.

  31. G. Harcos and Ph. Michel, The subconvexity problem for Rankin-Selberg L-functions and equidistribution of Heegner points. II, Invent. Math., 163 (2006), 581–655.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Ichino, Trilinear forms and the central values of triple product L-functions, Duke Math. J., 145 (2008), 281–307.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Ichino and T. Ikeda, On the periods of automorphic forms on special orthogonal groups and the Gross-Prasad conjecture, Geom. Funct. Anal., 19 (2010), 1378–1425.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Ivić, On sums of Hecke series in short intervals, J. Théor. Nr. Bordx., 13 (2001), 453–468.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Iwaniec, The spectral growth of automorphic L-functions, J. Reine Angew. Math., 428 (1992), 139–159.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Iwaniec, Harmonic analysis in number theory, in Prospects in Mathematics (Princeton, NJ, 1996), pp. 51–68, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Iwaniec and P. Sarnak, Perspectives on the analytic theory of L-functions, GAFA 2000 (Tel Aviv, 1999), Geom. Funct. Anal. (2000), Special Volume, pp. 705–741.

  38. H. Jacquet and R. P. Langlands, Automorphic Forms on GL(2), Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 114, Springer, Berlin, 1970.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Jacquet, I. I. Piatetski-Shapiro, and J. Shalika, Conducteur des représentations du groupe linéaire, Math. Ann., 256 (1981), 199–214.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Jutila, The twelfth moment of central values of Hecke series, J. Number Theory, 108 (2004), 157–168.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Jutila and Y. Motohashi, Uniform bound for Hecke L-functions, Acta Math., 195 (2005), 61–115.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  42. H. Kim, Functoriality for the exterior square of GL4 and the symmetric fourth of GL2, with appendix 1 by Dinakar Ramakrishnan and appendix 2 by Kim and Peter Sarnak, J. Am. Math. Soc., 16 (2003), 139–183.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. E. Kowalski, Ph. Michel, and J. VanderKam, Rankin-Selberg L-functions in the level aspect, Duke Math. J., 114 (2002), 123–191.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. N. V. Kuznetsov, Sums of Kloosterman sums and the eighth power moment of the Riemann zeta-function, in Number Theory and Related Topics (Bombay, 1988), Tata Inst. Fund. Res. Stud. Math., vol. 12, pp. 57–117, Tata Inst. Fund. Res., Bombay, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Liu and Y. Ye, Subconvexity for Rankin-Selberg L-functions of Maass forms, Geom. Funct. Anal., 12 (2002), 1296–1323.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  46. H. Y. Loke, Trilinear forms of \(\mathfrak{gl}_{2}\), Pac. J. Math., 197 (2001), 119–144.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  47. W. Luo, Z. Rudnick, and P. Sarnak, On the generalized Ramanujan conjecture for GL(n), in Automorphic Forms, Automorphic Representations, and Arithmetic (Fort Worth, TX, 1996), Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., vol. 66, pp. 301–310, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  48. T. Meurman, On the order of the Maass L-function on the critical line, in Number Theory, Vol. I (Budapest, 1987), Colloq. Math. Soc. János Bolyai, vol. 51, pp. 325–354, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ph. Michel, The subconvexity problem for Rankin-Selberg L-functions and equidistribution of Heegner points, Ann. Math. (2), 160 (2004), 185–236.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. Ph. Michel, Analytic number theory and families of automorphic L-functions, in Automorphic Forms and Applications (Park City, UT, 2002), IAS/Park City Math. Ser., vol. 12, pp. 179–296, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ph. Michel and A. Venkatesh, Equidistribution, L-functions and ergodic theory: on some problems of Yu. Linnik, in International Congress of Mathematicians, vol. II, pp. 421–457, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  52. C. Moeglin and J.-L. Waldspurger, Spectral Decomposition and Eisenstein Series, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 113, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995. Une paraphrase de l’Écriture [A paraphrase of Scripture].

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  53. Y. Motohashi, Spectral Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 127, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. Y. Motohashi, A functional equation for the spectral fourth moment of modular Hecke L-functions, in Proceedings of the Session in Analytic Number Theory and Diophantine Equations, Bonner Math. Schriften, vol. 360, p. 19, 2003.

  55. W. Müller, The trace class conjecture in the theory of automorphic forms II, Geom. Funct. Anal., 8 (1998), 315–355.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  56. H. Oh, Uniform pointwise bounds for matrix coefficients of unitary representations and applications to Kazhdan constants, Duke Math. J., 113 (2002), 133–192.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  57. A. I. Oksak, Trilinear Lorentz invariant forms, Commun. Math. Phys., 29 (1973), 189–217.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  58. D. Prasad, Trilinear forms for representations of GL(2) and local ε-factors, Compos. Math., 75 (1990), 1–46.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  59. A. Reznikov, Norms of geodesic restrictions for eigenfunctions on hyperbolic surfaces and representation theory, preprint, 2004, arXiv:math/0403437v2.

  60. A. Reznikov, Rankin-Selberg without unfolding and bounds for spherical Fourier coefficients of Maass forms, J. Am. Math. Soc., 21 (2008), 439–477.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  61. Y. Sakellaridis and A. Venkatesh, Periods and harmonic analysis on spherical varieties, preprint, 2010.

  62. P. Sarnak, L-functions, in Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, vol. I (Berlin, 1998), Documenta Mathematica (Extra volume), pp. 453–465.

  63. P. Sarnak, Estimates for Rankin-Selberg L-functions and quantum unique ergodicity, J. Funct. Anal., 184 (2001), 419–453.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  64. A. Venkatesh, Large sieve inequalities for GL(n)-forms in the conductor aspect, Adv. Math., 200 (2006), 336–356.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  65. A. Venkatesh, Sparse equidistribution problems, period bounds, and subconvexity, Ann. Math., to appear, 2006.

  66. A. Venkatesh, Notes on effective equidistribution, Pisa/CMI summer school 2007, unpublished, 2007.

  67. J.-L. Waldspurger, Sur les valeurs de certaines fonctions L automorphes en leur centre de symétrie, Compos. Math., 54 (1985), 173–242.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  68. H. Weyl, Zur abschätzung von ζ(1+it), Math. Z., 10 (1921), 88–101.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  69. D. Zagier, The Rankin-Selberg method for automorphic functions which are not of rapid decay, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IA Math., 28 (1981), 415–437.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philippe Michel.

Additional information

P. Michel was partially supported by the advanced research grant n. 228304 from the European Research Council and the SNF grant 200021-12529.

A. Venkatesh was partially supported by the Sloan foundation, the Packard Foundation and by an NSF grant.

About this article

Cite this article

Michel, P., Venkatesh, A. The subconvexity problem for GL2 . Publ.math.IHES 111, 171–271 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10240-010-0025-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10240-010-0025-8

Keywords

Navigation