Asymptotic behaviour of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay blow-ups

This paper addresses problems on arithmetic Macaulayfications of projective schemes. We give a surprising complete answer to a question poised by Cutkosky and Herzog. Let $Y$ be the blow-up of a projective scheme $X = \operatorname{Proj} R$ along the ideal sheaf of $I \subset R$. It is known that there are embeddings $Y \cong \operatorname{Proj} k[(I^e)_c]$for $c \ge d(I)e + 1$, where $d(I)$ denotes the maximal generating degree of $I$, and that there exists a Cohen-Macaulay ring of the form $k[(I^e)_c]$(which gives an arithmetic Macaulayfication of $X$) if and only if $H^0(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y) = k$, $H^i(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y) = 0$ for $i = 1,..., \dim Y-1$, and $Y$ is equidimensional and Cohen-Macaulay. We show that under these conditions, there are well-determined invariants $\varepsilon$ and $e_0$ such that $k[(I^e)_c]$ is Cohen-Macaulay for all $c > d(I)e + \varepsilon$ and $e > e_0$, and that these bounds are the best possible. We also investigate the existence of a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra of the form $R[(I^e)_ct]$. If $R$ has negative $a^*$-invariant, we prove that such a Cohen-Macaulay Rees algebra exists if and only if $\pi_*\mathcal{O}_Y = \mathcal{O}_X$, $R^i\pi_*\mathcal{O}_Y = 0$ for $i > 0$, and $Y$ is equidimensional and Cohen-Macaulay. Moreover, these conditions imply the Cohen-Macaulayness of $R[(I^e)_ct]$ for all $c > d(I)e + \varepsilon$ and $e> e_0$.