Existence of embeddings of smooth varieties into linear algebraic groups
Authors:
Peter Feller and Immanuel van Santen
Journal:
J. Algebraic Geom. 32 (2023), 729-786
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1090/jag/793
Published electronically:
October 3, 2022
Full-text PDF
Abstract |
References |
Additional Information
Abstract:
We prove that every smooth affine variety of dimension $d$ embeds into every simple algebraic group of dimension at least $2d+2$. We do this by establishing the existence of embeddings of smooth affine varieties into the total space of certain principal bundles. For the latter we employ and build upon parametric transversality results for flexible affine varieties due to Kaliman. By adapting a Chow-group-based argument due to Bloch, Murthy, and Szpiro, we show that our result is optimal up to a possible improvement of the bound to $2d+1$.
In order to study the limits of our embedding method, we use rational homology group calculations of homogeneous spaces and we establish a domination result for rational homology of complex smooth varieties.
References
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- William Fulton, Intersection theory, 2nd ed., Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas. 3rd Series. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics], vol. 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998. MR 1644323, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-1700-8
- Peter Feller and Immanuel van Santen, Uniqueness of embeddings of the affine line into algebraic groups, J. Algebraic Geom. 28 (2019), no. 4, 649–698. MR 3994309, DOI 10.1090/jag/725
- Victor Guillemin and Alan Pollack, Differential topology, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1974. MR 0348781
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- R. V. Gurjar, Topology of affine varieties dominated by an affine space, Invent. Math. 59 (1980), no. 3, 221–225. MR 579701, DOI 10.1007/BF01453236
- Ulrich Görtz and Torsten Wedhorn, Algebraic geometry I, Advanced Lectures in Mathematics, Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, 2010. Schemes with examples and exercises. MR 2675155, DOI 10.1007/978-3-8348-9722-0
- Robin Hartshorne, Algebraic geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 52, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1977. MR 0463157, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-3849-0
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic topology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. MR 1867354
- Sigurdur Helgason, Differential geometry, Lie groups, and symmetric spaces, Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 80, Academic Press, Inc. [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], New York-London, 1978. MR 514561
- André Haefliger and Morris W. Hirsch, On the existence and classification of differentiable embeddings, Topology 2 (1963), 129–135. MR 149494, DOI 10.1016/0040-9383(63)90028-4
- G. Horrocks and D. Mumford, A rank $2$ vector bundle on $\textbf {P}^{4}$ with $15,000$ symmetries, Topology 12 (1973), 63–81. MR 382279, DOI 10.1016/0040-9383(73)90022-0
- Audun Holme, Embedding-obstruction for singular algebraic varieties in $\textbf {P}^{N}$, Acta Math. 135 (1975), no. 3-4, 155–185. MR 437534, DOI 10.1007/BF02392018
- Heinz Hopf, Zur Algebra der Abbildungen von Mannigfaltigkeiten, J. Reine Angew. Math. 163 (1930), 71–88 (German). MR 1581232, DOI 10.1515/crll.1930.163.71
- James E. Humphreys, Linear algebraic groups, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 21, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1975. MR 0396773, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-9443-3
- James E. Humphreys, Introduction to Lie algebras and representation theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 9, Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1978. Second printing, revised. MR 499562
- Shulim Kaliman, Extensions of isomorphisms between affine algebraic subvarieties of $k^n$ to automorphisms of $k^n$, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 113 (1991), no. 2, 325–334. MR 1076575, DOI 10.1090/S0002-9939-1991-1076575-3
- Shulim Kaliman, Extensions of isomorphisms of subvarieties in flexible varieties, Transform. Groups 25 (2020), no. 2, 517–575. MR 4098881, DOI 10.1007/s00031-019-09546-3
- Stephan Klaus and Matthias Kreck, A quick proof of the rational Hurewicz theorem and a computation of the rational homotopy groups of spheres, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 136 (2004), no. 3, 617–623. MR 2055050, DOI 10.1017/S0305004103007114
- Steven L. Kleiman, The transversality of a general translate, Compositio Math. 28 (1974), 287–297. MR 360616
- Hanspeter Kraft, Andriy Regeta, and Immanuel van Santen, Is the affine space determined by its automorphism group?, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 6 (2021), 4280–4300. MR 4230395, DOI 10.1093/imrn/rny281
- Serge Lang, Abelian varieties, Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1983. Reprint of the 1959 original. MR 713430, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8534-7
- Emilio Lluis, Sur l’immersion des variétés algébriques, Ann. of Math. (2) 62 (1955), 120–127 (French). MR 71112, DOI 10.2307/2007102
- Hideyuki Matsumura, Commutative ring theory, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986. Translated from the Japanese by M. Reid. MR 879273
- Mamoru Mimura and Hirosi Toda, Topology of Lie groups. I, II, Translations of Mathematical Monographs, vol. 91, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1991. Translated from the 1978 Japanese edition by the authors. MR 1122592, DOI 10.1090/mmono/091
- A. L. Onishchik and È. B. Vinberg, Lie groups and algebraic groups, Springer Series in Soviet Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990. Translated from the Russian and with a preface by D. A. Leites. MR 1064110, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-74334-4
- Franklin P. Peterson, Some non-embedding problems, Bol. Soc. Mat. Mexicana (2) 2 (1957), 9–15. MR 87940
- Vladimir L. Popov, On the Makar-Limanov, Derksen invariants, and finite automorphism groups of algebraic varieties, Affine algebraic geometry, CRM Proc. Lecture Notes, vol. 54, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2011, pp. 289–311. MR 2768646, DOI 10.1090/crmp/054/17
- C. P. Ramanujam, A note on automorphism groups of algebraic varieties, Math. Ann. 156 (1964), 25–33. MR 166198, DOI 10.1007/BF01359978
- Reinhold Remmert, Holomorphe und meromorphe Abbildungen komplexer Räume, Math. Ann. 133 (1957), 328–370 (German). MR 92996, DOI 10.1007/BF01342886
- Maxwell Rosenlicht, Toroidal algebraic groups, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1961), 984–988. MR 133328, DOI 10.1090/S0002-9939-1961-0133328-9
- J. Schürmann, Embeddings of Stein spaces into affine spaces of minimal dimension, Math. Ann. 307 (1997), no. 3, 381–399. MR 1437045, DOI 10.1007/s002080050040
- J.-P. Serre, Espaces fibrés algébriques, Séminaire Claude Chevalley 3 (1958) (fr), talk:1.
- V. Srinivas, On the embedding dimension of an affine variety, Math. Ann. 289 (1991), no. 1, 125–132. MR 1087241, DOI 10.1007/BF01446563
- The Stacks project authors, The stacks project, https://stacks.math.columbia.edu, 2021.
- Dmitry A. Timashev, Homogeneous spaces and equivariant embeddings, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 138, Springer, Heidelberg, 2011. Invariant Theory and Algebraic Transformation Groups, 8. MR 2797018, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18399-7
- A. Van de Ven, On the embedding of abelian varieties in projective spaces, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 103 (1975), 127–129. MR 371900, DOI 10.1007/BF02414149
- Hassler Whitney, Differentiable manifolds, Ann. of Math. (2) 37 (1936), no. 3, 645–680. MR 1503303, DOI 10.2307/1968482
- Hassler Whitney, The self-intersections of a smooth $n$-manifold in $2n$-space, Ann. of Math. (2) 45 (1944), 220–246. MR 10274, DOI 10.2307/1969265
- Oscar Zariski and Pierre Samuel, Commutative algebra, Volume I, The University Series in Higher Mathematics, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1958. With the cooperation of I. S. Cohen. MR 0090581
References
- I. Arzhantsev, H. Flenner, S. Kaliman, F. Kutzschebauch, and M. Zaidenberg, Flexible varieties and automorphism groups, Duke Math. J. 162 (2013), no. 4, 767–823. MR 3039680, DOI 10.1215/00127094-2080132
- Rafael Andrist, Franc Forstnerič, Tyson Ritter, and Erlend Fornæss Wold, Proper holomorphic embeddings into Stein manifolds with the density property, J. Anal. Math. 130 (2016), 135–150. MR 3574650, DOI 10.1007/s11854-016-0031-y
- Spencer Bloch, M. Pavaman Murthy, and Lucien Szpiro, Zero cycles and the number of generators of an ideal, Mém. Soc. Math. France (N.S.) 38 (1989), 51–74 (English, with French summary). Colloque en l’honneur de Pierre Samuel (Orsay, 1987). MR 1044346
- Armand Borel, Linear algebraic groups, 2nd ed., Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 126, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991. MR 1102012, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0941-6
- N. Bourbaki, Éléments de mathématique. Topologie générale. Chapitres 1 à 4, Hermann, Paris, 1971. MR 0358652
- Michel Brion, On the geometry of algebraic groups and homogeneous spaces, J. Algebra 329 (2011), 52–71. MR 2769315, DOI 10.1016/j.jalgebra.2010.02.016
- E. M. Chirka, Complex analytic sets, Mathematics and its Applications (Soviet Series), vol. 46, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1989. Translated from the Russian by R. A. M. Hoksbergen. MR 1111477, DOI 10.1007/978-94-009-2366-9
- F. Donzelli, A. Dvorsky, and S. Kaliman, Algebraic density property of homogeneous spaces, Transform. Groups 15 (2010), no. 3, 551–576. MR 2718937, DOI 10.1007/s00031-010-9091-8
- M. Artin, J. E. Bertin, M. Demazure, P. Gabriel, A. Grothendieck, M. Raynaud, and J.-P. Serre, Schémas en groupes. Fasc. 3: Exposés 8 à 11, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Paris, 1964 (French). Troisième édition; Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique de l’Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, 1963/64, dirigé par Michel Demazure et Alexander Grothendieck. MR 0207705
- Yakov Eliashberg and Mikhael Gromov, Embeddings of Stein manifolds of dimension $n$ into the affine space of dimension $3n/2+1$, Ann. of Math. (2) 136 (1992), no. 1, 123–135. MR 1173927, DOI 10.2307/2946547
- Yves Félix, Stephen Halperin, and Jean-Claude Thomas, Rational homotopy theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 205, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001. MR 1802847, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-0105-9
- H. Flenner, S. Kaliman, and M. Zaidenberg, Cancellation for surfaces revisited. I, arXiv:1610.01805, 2017.
- S. Friedl, M. Nagel, P. Orson, and M. Powell, A survey of the foundations of four-manifold theory in the topological category, arXiv:1910.07372, 2019.
- Otto Forster, Plongements des variétés de Stein, Comment. Math. Helv. 45 (1970), 170–184 (French). MR 269880, DOI 10.1007/BF02567324
- William Fulton, Intersection theory, 2nd ed., Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas. 3rd Series. A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics], vol. 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998. MR 1644323, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-1700-8
- Peter Feller and Immanuel van Santen, Uniqueness of embeddings of the affine line into algebraic groups, J. Algebraic Geom. 28 (2019), no. 4, 649–698. MR 3994309, DOI 10.1090/jag/725
- Victor Guillemin and Alan Pollack, Differential topology, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1974. MR 0348781
- Revêtements étales et groupe fondamental (SGA 1), Documents Mathématiques (Paris) [Mathematical Documents (Paris)], vol. 3, Société Mathématique de France, Paris, 2003 (French). Séminaire de géométrie algébrique du Bois Marie 1960–61. [Algebraic Geometry Seminar of Bois Marie 1960-61]; Directed by A. Grothendieck; With two papers by M. Raynaud; Updated and annotated reprint of the 1971 original [Lecture Notes in Math., 224, Springer, Berlin; MR0354651 (50 #7129)]. MR 2017446
- A. Grothendieck, Torsion homologique et sections rationnelles, Séminaire Claude Chevalley 3 (1958) (fr), talk:5.
- A. Grothendieck, Éléments de géométrie algébrique. II. Étude globale élémentaire de quelques classes de morphismes, Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. (1961), no. 8, 222.
- R. V. Gurjar, Topology of affine varieties dominated by an affine space, Invent. Math. 59 (1980), no. 3, 221–225. MR 579701, DOI 10.1007/BF01453236
- Ulrich Görtz and Torsten Wedhorn, Algebraic geometry I: Schemes with examples and exercises, Advanced Lectures in Mathematics, Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, 2010. MR 2675155, DOI 10.1007/978-3-8348-9722-0
- Robin Hartshorne, Algebraic geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 52, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1977. MR 0463157
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic topology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. MR 1867354
- Sigurdur Helgason, Differential geometry, Lie groups, and symmetric spaces, Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 80, Academic Press, Inc. [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], New York-London, 1978. MR 514561
- André Haefliger and Morris W. Hirsch, On the existence and classification of differentiable embeddings, Topology 2 (1963), 129–135. MR 149494, DOI 10.1016/0040-9383(63)90028-4
- G. Horrocks and D. Mumford, A rank $2$ vector bundle on ${\mathbf {P}}^{4}$ with $15,000$ symmetries, Topology 12 (1973), 63–81. MR 382279, DOI 10.1016/0040-9383(73)90022-0
- Audun Holme, Embedding-obstruction for singular algebraic varieties in ${\mathbf {P}}^{N}$, Acta Math. 135 (1975), no. 3-4, 155–185. MR 437534, DOI 10.1007/BF02392018
- Heinz Hopf, Zur Algebra der Abbildungen von Mannigfaltigkeiten, J. Reine Angew. Math. 163 (1930), 71–88 (German). MR 1581232, DOI 10.1515/crll.1930.163.71
- James E. Humphreys, Linear algebraic groups, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 21, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1975. MR 0396773
- J. E. Humphreys, Introduction to Lie algebras and representation theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 9, Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1978, Second printing, revised. MR 499562
- Shulim Kaliman, Extensions of isomorphisms between affine algebraic subvarieties of $k^n$ to automorphisms of $k^n$, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 113 (1991), no. 2, 325–334. MR 1076575, DOI 10.2307/2048516
- Shulim Kaliman, Extensions of isomorphisms of subvarieties in flexible varieties, Transform. Groups 25 (2020), no. 2, 517–575. MR 4098881, DOI 10.1007/s00031-019-09546-3
- Stephan Klaus and Matthias Kreck, A quick proof of the rational Hurewicz theorem and a computation of the rational homotopy groups of spheres, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 136 (2004), no. 3, 617–623. MR 2055050, DOI 10.1017/S0305004103007114
- Steven L. Kleiman, The transversality of a general translate, Compositio Math. 28 (1974), 287–297. MR 360616
- Hanspeter Kraft, Andriy Regeta, and Immanuel van Santen, Is the affine space determined by its automorphism group?, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 6 (2021), 4280–4300. MR 4230395, DOI 10.1093/imrn/rny281
- Serge Lang, Abelian varieties, Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1983. Reprint of the 1959 original. MR 713430
- Emilio Lluis, Sur l’immersion des variétés algébriques, Ann. of Math. (2) 62 (1955), 120–127 (French). MR 71112, DOI 10.2307/2007102
- Hideyuki Matsumura, Commutative ring theory, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986. Translated from the Japanese by M. Reid. MR 879273
- Mamoru Mimura and Hirosi Toda, Topology of Lie groups. I, II, Translations of Mathematical Monographs, vol. 91, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1991. Translated from the 1978 Japanese edition by the authors. MR 1122592, DOI 10.1090/mmono/091
- A. L. Onishchik and È. B. Vinberg, Lie groups and algebraic groups, Springer Series in Soviet Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990. Translated from the Russian and with a preface by D. A. Leites. MR 1064110, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-74334-4
- Franklin P. Peterson, Some non-embedding problems, Bol. Soc. Mat. Mexicana (2) 2 (1957), 9–15. MR 87940
- Vladimir L. Popov, On the Makar-Limanov, Derksen invariants, and finite automorphism groups of algebraic varieties, Affine algebraic geometry, CRM Proc. Lecture Notes, vol. 54, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2011, pp. 289–311. MR 2768646, DOI 10.1090/crmp/054/17
- C. P. Ramanujam, A note on automorphism groups of algebraic varieties, Math. Ann. 156 (1964), 25–33. MR 166198, DOI 10.1007/BF01359978
- Reinhold Remmert, Holomorphe und meromorphe Abbildungen komplexer Räume, Math. Ann. 133 (1957), 328–370 (German). MR 92996, DOI 10.1007/BF01342886
- Maxwell Rosenlicht, Toroidal algebraic groups, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1961), 984–988. MR 133328, DOI 10.2307/2034407
- J. Schürmann, Embeddings of Stein spaces into affine spaces of minimal dimension, Math. Ann. 307 (1997), no. 3, 381–399. MR 1437045, DOI 10.1007/s002080050040
- J.-P. Serre, Espaces fibrés algébriques, Séminaire Claude Chevalley 3 (1958) (fr), talk:1.
- V. Srinivas, On the embedding dimension of an affine variety, Math. Ann. 289 (1991), no. 1, 125–132. MR 1087241, DOI 10.1007/BF01446563
- The Stacks project authors, The stacks project, https://stacks.math.columbia.edu, 2021.
- Dmitry A. Timashev, Homogeneous spaces and equivariant embeddings: Invariant Theory and Algebraic Transformation Groups, 8, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 138, Springer, Heidelberg, 2011. MR 2797018, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18399-7
- A. Van de Ven, On the embedding of abelian varieties in projective spaces, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 103 (1975), 127–129. MR 371900, DOI 10.1007/BF02414149
- Hassler Whitney, Differentiable manifolds, Ann. of Math. (2) 37 (1936), no. 3, 645–680. MR 1503303, DOI 10.2307/1968482
- Hassler Whitney, The self-intersections of a smooth $n$-manifold in $2n$-space, Ann. of Math. (2) 45 (1944), 220–246. MR 10274, DOI 10.2307/1969265
- Oscar Zariski and Pierre Samuel, Commutative algebra, Volume I, The University Series in Higher Mathematics, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1958. With the cooperation of I. S. Cohen. MR 0090581
Additional Information
Peter Feller
Affiliation:
ETH Zürich, Department of Mathematics, Rämistrasse 101, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
MR Author ID:
1052130
Email:
peter.feller@math.ch
Immanuel van Santen
Affiliation:
University of Basel, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Spiegelgasse $1$, CH-$4051$ Basel, Switzerland
MR Author ID:
997932
ORCID:
0000-0002-9903-829X
Email:
immanuel.van.santen@math.ch
Received by editor(s):
May 24, 2021
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
July 16, 2021, and August 9, 2021
Published electronically:
October 3, 2022
Additional Notes:
The first author was supported by the SNSF Grant 181199
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2022
University Press, Inc.