The Euler binary partition function and subdivision schemes

Abstract:

For an arbitrary set $D$ of nonnegative integers, we consider the Euler binary partition function $b(k)$ which equals the total number of binary expansions of an integer $k$ with “digits” from $D$. By applying the theory of subdivision schemes and refinement equations, the asymptotic behaviour of $b(k)$ as $k \to \infty$ is characterized. For all finite $D$, we compute the lower and upper exponents of growth of $b(k)$, find when they coincide, and present a sharp asymptotic formula for $b(k)$ in that case, which is done in terms of the corresponding refinable function. It is shown that $b(k)$ always has a constant exponent of growth on a set of integers of density one. The sets $D$ for which $b(k)$ has a regular power growth are classified in terms of cyclotomic polynomials.