Biquandle module invariants of oriented surface-links

Joung, Yewon; Nelson, Sam

doi:10.1090/proc/14826

Biquandle module invariants of oriented surface-links
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by Yewon Joung and Sam Nelson PDF

Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148 (2020), 3135-3148

Abstract:

We define invariants of oriented surface-links by enhancing the biquandle counting invariant using biquandle modules, algebraic structures defined in terms of biquandle actions on commutative rings analogous to Alexander biquandles. We show that bead colorings of marked graph diagrams are preserved by Yoshikawa moves and hence define enhancements of the biquandle counting invariant for surface links. We provide examples illustrating the computation of the invariant and demonstrate that these invariants are not determined by the first and second Alexander elementary ideals and characteristic polynomials.

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