Differentiation evens out zero spacings

Farmer, David; Rhoades, Robert

doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-05-03721-9

Differentiation evens out zero spacings
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by David W. Farmer and Robert C. Rhoades PDF

Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 357 (2005), 3789-3811 Request permission

Abstract:

If $f$ is a polynomial with all of its roots on the real line, then the roots of the derivative $f’$ are more evenly spaced than the roots of $f$. The same holds for a real entire function of order 1 with all its zeros on a line. In particular, we show that if $f$ is entire of order 1 and has sufficient regularity in its zero spacing, then under repeated differentiation the function approaches, after normalization, the cosine function. We also study polynomials with all their zeros on a circle, and we find a close analogy between the two situations. This sheds light on the spacing between zeros of the Riemann zeta-function and its connection to random matrix polynomials.

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