On spreading sequences and asymptotic structures

In the first part of the paper we study the structure of Banach spaces with a conditional spreading basis. The geometry of such spaces exhibits a striking resemblance to the geometry of James space. Further, we show that the averaging projections onto subspaces spanned by constant coefficient blocks with no gaps between supports are bounded. As a consequence, every Banach space with a spreading basis contains a complemented subspace with an unconditional basis. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of H. Rosenthal.

The second part contains two results on Banach spaces $X$ whose asymptotic structures are closely related to $c_0$ and do not contain a copy of $\ell _1$:

i) Suppose $X$ has a normalized weakly null basis $(x_i)$ and every spreading model $(e_i)$ of a normalized weakly null block basis satisfies $\|e_1-e_2\|=1$. Then some subsequence of $(x_i)$ is equivalent to the unit vector basis of $c_0$. This generalizes a similar theorem of Odell and Schlumprecht and yields a new proof of the Elton–Odell theorem on the existence of infinite $(1+\varepsilon )$-separated sequences in the unit sphere of an arbitrary infinite dimensional Banach space.

ii) Suppose that all asymptotic models of $X$ generated by weakly null arrays are equivalent to the unit vector basis of $c_0$. Then $X^*$ is separable and $X$ is asymptotic-$c_0$ with respect to a shrinking basis $(y_i)$ of $Y\supseteq X$.