Integrability by compensation for Dirac equation
HTML articles powered by AMS MathViewer
- by Francesca Da Lio, Tristan Rivière and Jerome Wettstein PDF
- Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 375 (2022), 4477-4511 Request permission
Abstract:
We consider the Dirac operator acting on the Clifford algebra ${C\ell }_{m}$. We show that under critical assumptions on the potential and the spinor field the equation is subject to an integrability by compensation phenomenon and has a sub-critical behaviour below some positive energy threshold (i.e. $\epsilon -$regularity theorem). This extends in 4 space dimension as well as in 3 dimension a similar result obtained previously by the two first authors in 2D in F. Da Lio and T. Riviére [Critical chirality in elliptic systems, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Linéaire, 38 (2021), no. 5, 1373–1405].References
- David R. Adams, A note on Riesz potentials, Duke Math. J. 42 (1975), no. 4, 765–778. MR 458158
- Jean Bourgain and Haïm Brezis, New estimates for elliptic equations and Hodge type systems, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 9 (2007), no. 2, 277–315. MR 2293957, DOI 10.4171/JEMS/80
- Jean Bourgain and Haïm Brezis, On the equation $\textrm {div}\, Y=f$ and application to control of phases, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 16 (2003), no. 2, 393–426. MR 1949165, DOI 10.1090/S0894-0347-02-00411-3
- Haim Brezis, Functional analysis, Sobolev spaces and partial differential equations, Universitext, Springer, New York, 2011. MR 2759829
- R. R. Coifman, R. Rochberg, and Guido Weiss, Factorization theorems for Hardy spaces in several variables, Ann. of Math. (2) 103 (1976), no. 3, 611–635. MR 412721, DOI 10.2307/1970954
- R. Coifman, P.-L. Lions, Y. Meyer, and S. Semmes, Compensated compactness and Hardy spaces, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 72 (1993), no. 3, 247–286 (English, with English and French summaries). MR 1225511
- Francesca Da Lio, Fractional harmonic maps, Recent developments in nonlocal theory, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2018, pp. 52–80. MR 3824210, DOI 10.1515/9783110571561-004
- Francesca Da Lio, Fractional harmonic maps into manifolds in odd dimension $n>1$, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 48 (2013), no. 3-4, 421–445. MR 3116017, DOI 10.1007/s00526-012-0556-6
- Francesca Da Lio and Tristan Rivière, Sub-criticality of non-local Schrödinger systems with antisymmetric potentials and applications to half-harmonic maps, Adv. Math. 227 (2011), no. 3, 1300–1348. MR 2799607, DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2011.03.011
- F. Da Lio and T. Rivière, Critical chirality in elliptic systems, arXiv:1907.10520, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Linéaire, 38 (2021), no. 5, 1373–1405, DOI 10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.11.006.
- Francesca Da Lio and Tristan Rivière, Three-commutators revisited, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 45 (2020), no. 8, 931–969. MR 4126327, DOI 10.1080/03605302.2020.1748055
- F. Da Lio and A. Schikorra, Regularity theory for harmonic maps into manifolds. Local, Nonlocal and Applications, book in preparation.
- Francesca Da Lio and Armin Schikorra, On regularity theory for $n/p$-harmonic maps into manifolds, Nonlinear Anal. 165 (2017), 182–197. MR 3723273, DOI 10.1016/j.na.2017.10.001
- Jean-Marc Delort, Existence de nappes de tourbillon en dimension deux, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 4 (1991), no. 3, 553–586 (French). MR 1102579, DOI 10.1090/S0894-0347-1991-1102579-6
- L. C. Evans and S. Müller, Hardy spaces and the two-dimensional Euler equations with nonnegative vorticity, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (1994), no. 1, 199–219. MR 1220787, DOI 10.1090/S0894-0347-1994-1220787-3
- John E. Gilbert and Margaret A. M. Murray, Clifford algebras and Dirac operators in harmonic analysis, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 26, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991. MR 1130821, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511611582
- Patrick Gérard, Résultats récents sur les fluides parfaits incompressibles bidimensionnels (d’après J.-Y. Chemin et J.-M. Delort), Astérisque 206 (1992), Exp. No. 757, 5, 411–444 (French, with French summary). Séminaire Bourbaki, Vol. 1991/92. MR 1206075
- Loukas Grafakos, Classical Fourier analysis, 3rd ed., Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 249, Springer, New York, 2014. MR 3243734, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1194-3
- Mark J. D. Hamilton, Mathematical gauge theory, Universitext, Springer, Cham, 2017. With applications to the standard model of particle physics. MR 3837560, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-68439-0
- Frédéric Hélein, Harmonic maps, conservation laws and moving frames, 2nd ed., Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 150, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. Translated from the 1996 French original; With a foreword by James Eells. MR 1913803, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511543036
- Frédéric Hélein and Pascal Romon, Weierstrass representation of Lagrangian surfaces in four-dimensional space using spinors and quaternions, Comment. Math. Helv. 75 (2000), no. 4, 668–680. MR 1789181, DOI 10.1007/s000140050144
- Katarzyna Mazowiecka and Armin Schikorra, Fractional div-curl quantities and applications to nonlocal geometric equations, J. Funct. Anal. 275 (2018), no. 1, 1–44. MR 3799622, DOI 10.1016/j.jfa.2018.03.016
- Tianling Jin, Vladimir Maz’ya, and Jean Van Schaftingen, Pathological solutions to elliptic problems in divergence form with continuous coefficients, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 347 (2009), no. 13-14, 773–778 (English, with English and French summaries). MR 2543981, DOI 10.1016/j.crma.2009.05.008
- Tobias Lamm and Tristan Rivière, Conservation laws for fourth order systems in four dimensions, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 33 (2008), no. 1-3, 245–262. MR 2398228, DOI 10.1080/03605300701382381
- Vladimir Maz’ya, Bourgain-Brezis type inequality with explicit constants, Interpolation theory and applications, Contemp. Math., vol. 445, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2007, pp. 247–252. MR 2381898, DOI 10.1090/conm/445/08605
- Tristan Rivière, Conservation laws for conformally invariant variational problems, Invent. Math. 168 (2007), no. 1, 1–22. MR 2285745, DOI 10.1007/s00222-006-0023-0
- Tristan Rivière, Sub-criticality of Schrödinger systems with antisymmetric potentials, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 95 (2011), no. 3, 260–276. MR 2772189, DOI 10.1016/j.matpur.2010.11.001
- Tristan Rivière, Sequences of smooth global isothermic immersions, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 38 (2013), no. 2, 276–303. MR 3009081, DOI 10.1080/03605302.2012.722807
- T. Rivière, Conformally variational problems, Lecture Notes, 2019.
- Armin Schikorra, $L^p$-gradient harmonic maps into spheres and $SO(N)$, Differential Integral Equations 28 (2015), no. 3-4, 383–408. MR 3306569
- Armin Schikorra, Integro-differential harmonic maps into spheres, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 40 (2015), no. 3, 506–539. MR 3285243, DOI 10.1080/03605302.2014.974059
- Armin Schikorra, Regularity of $n/2$-harmonic maps into spheres, J. Differential Equations 252 (2012), no. 2, 1862–1911. MR 2853564, DOI 10.1016/j.jde.2011.08.021
- Armin Schikorra, A remark on gauge transformations and the moving frame method, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré C Anal. Non Linéaire 27 (2010), no. 2, 503–515 (English, with English and French summaries). MR 2595189, DOI 10.1016/j.anihpc.2009.09.004
- Barry Simon, Schrödinger semigroups, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 7 (1982), no. 3, 447–526. MR 670130, DOI 10.1090/S0273-0979-1982-15041-8
- Elias M. Stein, Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions, Princeton Mathematical Series, No. 30, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1970. MR 0290095
- Michael Struwe, On the evolution of harmonic maps in higher dimensions, J. Differential Geom. 28 (1988), no. 3, 485–502. MR 965226
- Karen K. Uhlenbeck, Connections with $L^{p}$ bounds on curvature, Comm. Math. Phys. 83 (1982), no. 1, 31–42. MR 648356
- Henry C. Wente, An existence theorem for surfaces of constant mean curvature, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 26 (1969), 318–344. MR 243467, DOI 10.1016/0022-247X(69)90156-5
- J. Wettstein, PhD Thesis, in preparation.
Additional Information
- Francesca Da Lio
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematics, ETH Zentrum, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- MR Author ID: 627699
- Tristan Rivière
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematics, ETH Zentrum, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- ORCID: 0000-0002-5676-8401
- Jerome Wettstein
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematics, ETH Zentrum, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- MR Author ID: 1449865
- ORCID: 0000-0002-0756-279X
- Received by editor(s): September 28, 2021
- Received by editor(s) in revised form: January 11, 2022
- Published electronically: March 31, 2022
- © Copyright 2022 American Mathematical Society
- Journal: Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 375 (2022), 4477-4511
- MSC (2020): Primary 35J46, 35B65, 81Q05
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/8656
- MathSciNet review: 4419066