Triviality of the 𝐽₄-equivalence among homology 3-spheres

Faes, Quentin

doi:10.1090/tran/8718

Triviality of the $J_4$-equivalence among homology 3-spheres
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Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 375 (2022), 6597-6620 Request permission

Abstract:

We prove that all homology 3-spheres are $J_4$-equivalent, i.e. that any homology 3-sphere can be obtained from one another by twisting one of its Heegaard splittings by an element of the mapping class group acting trivially on the fourth nilpotent quotient of the fundamental group of the gluing surface. We do so by exhibiting an element of $J_4$, the fourth term of the Johnson filtration of the mapping class group, on which (the core of) the Casson invariant takes the value $1$. In particular, this provides an explicit example of an element of $J_4$ that is not a commutator of length $2$ in the Torelli group.

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