Smoothly embedded spheres in symplectic 4-manifolds

Li, Tian-Jun

doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-99-04457-3

Smoothly embedded spheres in symplectic 4-manifolds
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Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 127 (1999), 609-613 Request permission

Abstract:

We characterize rational or ruled surfaces among all symplectic 4-manifolds by the existence of certain smoothly embedded spheres.

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