Use of Artificial Intelligence

The following statement, issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics in February 2023, has been adapted by the AMS Committee on Publications. The full COPE position statement on Authorship and AI tools can be found on the COPE website.

• The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT or Large Language Models (LLMs) in research publications is expanding rapidly. COPE joins organisations, such as WAME and the JAMA Network among others, to state that AI tools cannot be listed as an author of a paper.
• AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright and license agreements.
• Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.
• Editors and referees are not to upload papers under review to an LLM in any format, for any reason. Many LLMs function by retaining the information fed into them for future use and are not transparent about how information uploaded may be integrated into future use. Among other concerns, this can create potential copyright and confidentiality issues.