Steady Prandtl layer expansions with external forcing
Authors:
Yan Guo and Sameer Iyer
Journal:
Quart. Appl. Math. 81 (2023), 375-411
MSC (2020):
Primary 76D10
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/1655
Published electronically:
February 21, 2023
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Additional Information
Abstract: In this article we apply the machinery developed by Guo and Iyer [Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (to appear) (2022)] together with a new compactness estimate and a new quantity, the “degree”, in order to prove validity of steady Prandtl layer expansions with external forcing. The compactness techniques introduced in this article allow us to treat more general background Prandtl layers than Guo and Iyer [Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (to appear) (2022)].
References
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- Claude W. Bardos and Edriss S. Titi, Mathematics and turbulence: where do we stand?, J. Turbul. 14 (2013), no. 3, 42–76. MR 3174319, DOI 10.1080/14685248.2013.771838
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- M. C. Lopes Filho, A. L. Mazzucato, and H. J. Nussenzveig Lopes, Vanishing viscosity limit for incompressible flow inside a rotating circle, Phys. D 237 (2008), no. 10-12, 1324–1333. MR 2454590, DOI 10.1016/j.physd.2008.03.009
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- Emmanuel Grenier and Toan T. Nguyen, Sublayer of Prandtl boundary layers, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 229 (2018), no. 3, 1139–1151. MR 3814598, DOI 10.1007/s00205-018-1235-3
- Emmanuel Grenier and Toan T. Nguyen, $L^\infty$ instability of Prandtl layers, Ann. PDE 5 (2019), no. 2, Paper No. 18, 36. MR 4038143, DOI 10.1007/s40818-019-0074-3
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- Y. Guo and S. Iyer, Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math (to appear) (2022).
- Yan Guo and Toan T. Nguyen, Prandtl boundary layer expansions of steady Navier-Stokes flows over a moving plate, Ann. PDE 3 (2017), no. 1, Paper No. 10, 58. MR 3634071, DOI 10.1007/s40818-016-0020-6
- Yan Guo and Toan Nguyen, A note on Prandtl boundary layers, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 64 (2011), no. 10, 1416–1438. MR 2849481, DOI 10.1002/cpa.20377
- Lan Hong and John K. Hunter, Singularity formation and instability in the unsteady inviscid and viscous Prandtl equations, Commun. Math. Sci. 1 (2003), no. 2, 293–316. MR 1980477, DOI 10.4310/CMS.2003.v1.n2.a5
- Mihaela Ignatova and Vlad Vicol, Almost global existence for the Prandtl boundary layer equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 220 (2016), no. 2, 809–848. MR 3461362, DOI 10.1007/s00205-015-0942-2
- Sameer Iyer, Steady Prandtl boundary layer expansions over a rotating disk, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 224 (2017), no. 2, 421–469. MR 3614752, DOI 10.1007/s00205-017-1080-9
- S. Iyer, Global steady Prandtl expansion over a moving boundary, arXiv preprint 1609.05397, 2016.
- Sameer Iyer, Steady Prandtl layers over a moving boundary: nonshear Euler flows, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 51 (2019), no. 3, 1657–1695. MR 3945803, DOI 10.1137/18M1207351
- James P. Kelliher, On the vanishing viscosity limit in a disk, Math. Ann. 343 (2009), no. 3, 701–726. MR 2480708, DOI 10.1007/s00208-008-0287-3
- Igor Kukavica, Nader Masmoudi, Vlad Vicol, and Tak Kwong Wong, On the local well-posedness of the Prandtl and hydrostatic Euler equations with multiple monotonicity regions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46 (2014), no. 6, 3865–3890. MR 3284569, DOI 10.1137/140956440
- Igor Kukavica and Vlad Vicol, On the local existence of analytic solutions to the Prandtl boundary layer equations, Commun. Math. Sci. 11 (2013), no. 1, 269–292. MR 2975371, DOI 10.4310/CMS.2013.v11.n1.a8
- Igor Kukavica, Vlad Vicol, and Fei Wang, The van Dommelen and Shen singularity in the Prandtl equations, Adv. Math. 307 (2017), 288–311. MR 3590519, DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2016.11.013
- Maria Carmela Lombardo, Marco Cannone, and Marco Sammartino, Well-posedness of the boundary layer equations, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 35 (2003), no. 4, 987–1004. MR 2049030, DOI 10.1137/S0036141002412057
- Yasunori Maekawa, On the inviscid limit problem of the vorticity equations for viscous incompressible flows in the half-plane, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 67 (2014), no. 7, 1045–1128. MR 3207194, DOI 10.1002/cpa.21516
- Yasunori Maekawa and Anna Mazzucato, The inviscid limit and boundary layers for Navier-Stokes flows, Handbook of mathematical analysis in mechanics of viscous fluids, Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 781–828. MR 3916787, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13344-7_{1}
- Anna Mazzucato and Michael Taylor, Vanishing viscosity plane parallel channel flow and related singular perturbation problems, Anal. PDE 1 (2008), no. 1, 35–93. MR 2431354, DOI 10.2140/apde.2008.1.35
- Nader Masmoudi and Tak Kwong Wong, Local-in-time existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Prandtl equations by energy methods, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 68 (2015), no. 10, 1683–1741. MR 3385340, DOI 10.1002/cpa.21595
- L. Nirenberg, On elliptic partial differential equations, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (3) 13 (1959), 115–162. MR 109940
- O. A. Oleinik and V. N. Samokhin, Mathematical models in boundary layer theory, Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation, vol. 15, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1999. MR 1697762
- O. A. Oleĭnik, On the mathematical theory of boundary layer for an unsteady flow of incompressible fluid, J. Appl. Math. Mech. 30 (1966), 951–974 (1967). MR 0223134, DOI 10.1016/0021-8928(66)90001-3
- M. Orlt, Regularity for Navier-Stokes in domains with corners, Ph.D. Thesis, 1998 (in German).
- Matthias Orlt and Anna-Margarete Sändig, Regularity of viscous Navier-Stokes flows in nonsmooth domains, Boundary value problems and integral equations in nonsmooth domains (Luminy, 1993) Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math., vol. 167, Dekker, New York, 1995, pp. 185–201. MR 1301349
- L. Prandtl, Uber flussigkeits-bewegung bei sehr kleiner reibung, Verhandlungen des III Internationalen Mathematiker-Kongresses, Heidelberg, Teubner, Leipzig, 1904, pp. 484–491. English translation: Motion of fluids with very little viscosity, Technical Memorandum No. 452 by National Advisory Committee for Aeuronautics.
- Marco Sammartino and Russel E. Caflisch, Zero viscosity limit for analytic solutions, of the Navier-Stokes equation on a half-space. I. Existence for Euler and Prandtl equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 192 (1998), no. 2, 433–461. MR 1617542, DOI 10.1007/s002200050304
- Marco Sammartino and Russel E. Caflisch, Zero viscosity limit for analytic solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation on a half-space. II. Construction of the Navier-Stokes solution, Comm. Math. Phys. 192 (1998), no. 2, 463–491. MR 1617538, DOI 10.1007/s002200050305
- Herrmann Schlichting and Klaus Gersten, Boundary-layer theory, Eighth revised and enlarged edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. With contributions by Egon Krause and Herbert Oertel, Jr.; Translated from the ninth German edition by Katherine Mayes. MR 1765242, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-85829-1
- J. Serrin, Asymptotic behavior of velocity profiles in the Prandtl boundary layer theory, Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 299 (1967), 491–507. MR 282585, DOI 10.1098/rspa.1967.0151
- R. Temam and X. Wang, Boundary layers associated with incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: the noncharacteristic boundary case, J. Differential Equations 179 (2002), no. 2, 647–686. MR 1885683, DOI 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4038
- Zhouping Xin and Liqun Zhang, On the global existence of solutions to the Prandtl’s system, Adv. Math. 181 (2004), no. 1, 88–133. MR 2020656, DOI 10.1016/S0001-8708(03)00046-X
References
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- R. Alexandre, Y.-G. Wang, C.-J. Xu, and T. Yang, Well-posedness of the Prandtl equation in Sobolev spaces, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 28 (2015), no. 3, 745–784. MR 3327535, DOI 10.1090/S0894-0347-2014-00813-4
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- Anne-Laure Dalibard and Nader Masmoudi, Phénomène de séparation pour l’équation de Prandtl stationnaire, Séminaire Laurent Schwartz—Équations aux dérivées partielles et applications. Année 2014–2015, Ed. Éc. Polytech., Palaiseau, 2016, pp. Exp. No. IX, 18 (French, with French summary). MR 3560348
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- Weinan E, Boundary layer theory and the zero-viscosity limit of the Navier-Stokes equation, Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.) 16 (2000), no. 2, 207–218. MR 1778702, DOI 10.1007/s101140000034
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- David Gerard-Varet and Nader Masmoudi, Well-posedness for the Prandtl system without analyticity or monotonicity, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 48 (2015), no. 6, 1273–1325 (English, with French and Nepali summaries). MR 3429469, DOI 10.24033/asens.2270
- David Gérard-Varet, Yasunori Maekawa, and Nader Masmoudi, Gevrey stability of Prandtl expansions for 2-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows, Duke Math. J. 167 (2018), no. 13, 2531–2631. MR 3855356, DOI 10.1215/00127094-2018-0020
- David Gerard-Varet and Yasunori Maekawa, Sobolev stability of Prandtl expansions for the steady Navier-Stokes equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 233 (2019), no. 3, 1319–1382. MR 3961300, DOI 10.1007/s00205-019-01380-x
- D. Gérard-Varet and T. Nguyen, Remarks on the ill-posedness of the Prandtl equation, Asymptot. Anal. 77 (2012), no. 1-2, 71–88. MR 2952715
- Gung-Min Gie, Chang-Yeol Jung, and Roger Temam, Recent progresses in boundary layer theory, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 36 (2016), no. 5, 2521–2583. MR 3485408, DOI 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.2521
- Emmanuel Grenier, Yan Guo, and Toan T. Nguyen, Spectral instability of general symmetric shear flows in a two-dimensional channel, Adv. Math. 292 (2016), 52–110. MR 3464020, DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2016.01.007
- Emmanuel Grenier, Yan Guo, and Toan T. Nguyen, Spectral instability of characteristic boundary layer flows, Duke Math. J. 165 (2016), no. 16, 3085–3146. MR 3566199, DOI 10.1215/00127094-3645437
- Emmanuel Grenier, Yan Guo, and Toan T. Nguyen, Spectral stability of Prandtl boundary layers: an overview, Analysis (Berlin) 35 (2015), no. 4, 343–355. MR 3420316, DOI 10.1515/anly-2015-0001
- E. Grenier and T. Nguyen, On nonlinear instability of Prandtl’s boundary layers: the case of Rayleigh’s stable shear flows. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.01282, 2017.
- Emmanuel Grenier and Toan T. Nguyen, Sublayer of Prandtl boundary layers, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 229 (2018), no. 3, 1139–1151. MR 3814598, DOI 10.1007/s00205-018-1235-3
- Emmanuel Grenier and Toan T. Nguyen, $L^\infty$ instability of Prandtl layers, Ann. PDE 5 (2019), no. 2, Paper No. 18, 36. MR 4038143, DOI 10.1007/s40818-019-0074-3
- Yan Guo and Sameer Iyer, Regularity and expansion for steady Prandtl equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 382 (2021), no. 3, 1403–1447. MR 4232771, DOI 10.1007/s00220-021-03964-9
- Y. Guo and S. Iyer, Validity of Steady Prandtl Layer Expansions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math (to appear) (2022).
- Yan Guo and Toan T. Nguyen, Prandtl boundary layer expansions of steady Navier-Stokes flows over a moving plate, Ann. PDE 3 (2017), no. 1, Paper No. 10, 58. MR 3634071, DOI 10.1007/s40818-016-0020-6
- Yan Guo and Toan Nguyen, A note on Prandtl boundary layers, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 64 (2011), no. 10, 1416–1438. MR 2849481, DOI 10.1002/cpa.20377
- Lan Hong and John K. Hunter, Singularity formation and instability in the unsteady inviscid and viscous Prandtl equations, Commun. Math. Sci. 1 (2003), no. 2, 293–316. MR 1980477
- Mihaela Ignatova and Vlad Vicol, Almost global existence for the Prandtl boundary layer equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 220 (2016), no. 2, 809–848. MR 3461362, DOI 10.1007/s00205-015-0942-2
- Sameer Iyer, Steady Prandtl boundary layer expansions over a rotating disk, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 224 (2017), no. 2, 421–469. MR 3614752, DOI 10.1007/s00205-017-1080-9
- S. Iyer, Global steady Prandtl expansion over a moving boundary, arXiv preprint 1609.05397, 2016.
- Sameer Iyer, Steady Prandtl layers over a moving boundary: nonshear Euler flows, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 51 (2019), no. 3, 1657–1695. MR 3945803, DOI 10.1137/18M1207351
- James P. Kelliher, On the vanishing viscosity limit in a disk, Math. Ann. 343 (2009), no. 3, 701–726. MR 2480708, DOI 10.1007/s00208-008-0287-3
- Igor Kukavica, Nader Masmoudi, Vlad Vicol, and Tak Kwong Wong, On the local well-posedness of the Prandtl and hydrostatic Euler equations with multiple monotonicity regions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46 (2014), no. 6, 3865–3890. MR 3284569, DOI 10.1137/140956440
- Igor Kukavica and Vlad Vicol, On the local existence of analytic solutions to the Prandtl boundary layer equations, Commun. Math. Sci. 11 (2013), no. 1, 269–292. MR 2975371, DOI 10.4310/CMS.2013.v11.n1.a8
- Igor Kukavica, Vlad Vicol, and Fei Wang, The van Dommelen and Shen singularity in the Prandtl equations, Adv. Math. 307 (2017), 288–311. MR 3590519, DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2016.11.013
- Maria Carmela Lombardo, Marco Cannone, and Marco Sammartino, Well-posedness of the boundary layer equations, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 35 (2003), no. 4, 987–1004. MR 2049030, DOI 10.1137/S0036141002412057
- Yasunori Maekawa, On the inviscid limit problem of the vorticity equations for viscous incompressible flows in the half-plane, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 67 (2014), no. 7, 1045–1128. MR 3207194, DOI 10.1002/cpa.21516
- Yasunori Maekawa and Anna Mazzucato, The inviscid limit and boundary layers for Navier-Stokes flows, Handbook of mathematical analysis in mechanics of viscous fluids, Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 781–828. MR 3916787, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13344-7_1
- Anna Mazzucato and Michael Taylor, Vanishing viscosity plane parallel channel flow and related singular perturbation problems, Anal. PDE 1 (2008), no. 1, 35–93. MR 2431354, DOI 10.2140/apde.2008.1.35
- Nader Masmoudi and Tak Kwong Wong, Local-in-time existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Prandtl equations by energy methods, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 68 (2015), no. 10, 1683–1741. MR 3385340, DOI 10.1002/cpa.21595
- L. Nirenberg, On elliptic partial differential equations, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (3) 13 (1959), 115–162. MR 109940
- O. A. Oleinik and V. N. Samokhin, Mathematical models in boundary layer theory, Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation, vol. 15, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1999. MR 1697762
- O. A. Oleĭnik, On the mathematical theory of boundary layer for an unsteady flow of incompressible fluid, J. Appl. Math. Mech. 30 (1966), 951–974 (1967). MR 0223134, DOI 10.1016/0021-8928(66)90001-3
- M. Orlt, Regularity for Navier-Stokes in domains with corners, Ph.D. Thesis, 1998 (in German).
- Matthias Orlt and Anna-Margarete Sändig, Regularity of viscous Navier-Stokes flows in nonsmooth domains, Boundary value problems and integral equations in nonsmooth domains (Luminy, 1993) Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math., vol. 167, Dekker, New York, 1995, pp. 185–201. MR 1301349
- L. Prandtl, Uber flussigkeits-bewegung bei sehr kleiner reibung, Verhandlungen des III Internationalen Mathematiker-Kongresses, Heidelberg, Teubner, Leipzig, 1904, pp. 484–491. English translation: Motion of fluids with very little viscosity, Technical Memorandum No. 452 by National Advisory Committee for Aeuronautics.
- Marco Sammartino and Russel E. Caflisch, Zero viscosity limit for analytic solutions, of the Navier-Stokes equation on a half-space. I. Existence for Euler and Prandtl equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 192 (1998), no. 2, 433–461. MR 1617542, DOI 10.1007/s002200050304
- Marco Sammartino and Russel E. Caflisch, Zero viscosity limit for analytic solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation on a half-space. II. Construction of the Navier-Stokes solution, Comm. Math. Phys. 192 (1998), no. 2, 463–491. MR 1617538, DOI 10.1007/s002200050305
- Herrmann Schlichting and Klaus Gersten, Boundary-layer theory, Eighth revised and enlarged edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. With contributions by Egon Krause and Herbert Oertel, Jr.; Translated from the ninth German edition by Katherine Mayes. MR 1765242, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-85829-1
- J. Serrin, Asymptotic behavior of velocity profiles in the Prandtl boundary layer theory, Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 299 (1967), 491–507. MR 282585, DOI 10.1098/rspa.1967.0151
- R. Temam and X. Wang, Boundary layers associated with incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: the noncharacteristic boundary case, J. Differential Equations 179 (2002), no. 2, 647–686. MR 1885683, DOI 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4038
- Zhouping Xin and Liqun Zhang, On the global existence of solutions to the Prandtl’s system, Adv. Math. 181 (2004), no. 1, 88–133. MR 2020656, DOI 10.1016/S0001-8708(03)00046-X
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Additional Information
Yan Guo
Affiliation:
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, 182 George Street, Providence, RI 02912
Email:
yan_guo@brown.edu
Sameer Iyer
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
MR Author ID:
1200983
ORCID:
0000-0002-0365-9092
Email:
sameer@math.ucdavis.edu
Keywords:
Fluid mechanics,
boundary layers,
inviscid limit
Received by editor(s):
October 25, 2022
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
January 4, 2023
Published electronically:
February 21, 2023
Additional Notes:
Y. Guo’s research is supported in part by NSF grant DMS2106650. S. Iyer’s research was partially supported by NSF grant DMS1802940.
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2023
Brown University