Dynamics of the iteration operator on the space of continuous self-maps
HTML articles powered by AMS MathViewer
- by Murugan Veerapazham, Chaitanya Gopalakrishna and Weinian Zhang PDF
- Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 149 (2021), 217-229 Request permission
Abstract:
The semi-dynamical system of a continuous self-map is generated by iteration of the map, however, the iteration itself, being an operator on the space of continuous self-maps, may generate interesting dynamical behaviors. In this paper we prove that the iteration operator is continuous on the space of all continuous self-maps of a compact metric space and therefore induces a semi-dynamical system on the space. Furthermore, we characterize its fixed points and periodic points in the case that the compact metric space is a compact interval by discussing the Babbage equation. We prove that all orbits of the iteration operator are bounded but most fixed points are not stable. On the other hand, we prove that the iteration operator is not chaotic.References
- C. Babbage, An essay towards the calculus of functions, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 105 (1815), 389-423.
- A. M. Blokh, The set of all iterates is nowhere dense in $C([0,1],[0,1])$, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 333 (1992), no. 2, 787–798. MR 1153009, DOI 10.1090/S0002-9947-1992-1153009-7
- U. T. Bödewadt, Zur Iteration reeller Funktionen, Math. Z. 49 (1944), 497–516 (German). MR 11488, DOI 10.1007/BF01174213
- Michael Brin and Garrett Stuck, Introduction to dynamical systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. MR 1963683, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511755316
- Robert L. Devaney, An introduction to chaotic dynamical systems, Studies in Nonlinearity, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 2003. Reprint of the second (1989) edition. MR 1979140
- M. K. Fort Jr., The embedding of homeomorphisms in flows, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 (1955), 960–967. MR 80911, DOI 10.1090/S0002-9939-1955-0080911-2
- Richard A. Holmgren, A first course in discrete dynamical systems, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994. MR 1269109, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-0222-3
- Witold Jarczyk, On an equation of linear iteration, Aequationes Math. 51 (1996), no. 3, 303–310. MR 1394735, DOI 10.1007/BF01833285
- M. Kuczma, On monotonic solutions of a functional equation. I, Ann. Polon. Math. 9 (1960/61), 295–297. MR 123113, DOI 10.4064/ap-9-3-295-297
- Marek Kuczma, Functional equations in a single variable, Monografie Matematyczne, Tom 46, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw, 1968. MR 0228862
- T. Y. Li and James A. Yorke, Period three implies chaos, Amer. Math. Monthly 82 (1975), no. 10, 985–992. MR 385028, DOI 10.2307/2318254
- John Milnor and William Thurston, On iterated maps of the interval, Dynamical systems (College Park, MD, 1986–87) Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 1342, Springer, Berlin, 1988, pp. 465–563. MR 970571, DOI 10.1007/BFb0082847
- John Milnor, Dynamics in one complex variable, 3rd ed., Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 160, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2006. MR 2193309
- Neill McShane, On the periodicity of homeomorphisms of the real line, Amer. Math. Monthly 68 (1961), 562–563. MR 130335, DOI 10.2307/2311152
- Endre Vincze, Über die Charakterisierung der assoziativen Funktionen von mehreren Veränderlichen, Publ. Math. Debrecen 6 (1959), 241–253 (German). MR 111952
- Weinian Zhang, PM functions, their characteristic intervals and iterative roots, Ann. Polon. Math. 65 (1997), no. 2, 119–128. MR 1432043, DOI 10.4064/ap-65-2-119-128
- Wenmeng Zhang and Weinian Zhang, Continuity of iteration and approximation of iterative roots, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 (2011), no. 5, 1232–1244. MR 2728062, DOI 10.1016/j.cam.2010.08.010
Additional Information
- Murugan Veerapazham
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore- 575 025, India
- MR Author ID: 1252236
- ORCID: 0000-0002-0267-3482
- Email: murugan@nitk.edu.in
- Chaitanya Gopalakrishna
- Affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore- 575 025, India
- ORCID: 0000-0002-4482-2810
- Email: cberbalaje@gmail.com
- Weinian Zhang
- Affiliation: Yangtze Center of Mathematics and Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s Republic of China
- MR Author ID: 259735
- Email: matzwn@126.com
- Received by editor(s): December 23, 2019
- Received by editor(s) in revised form: April 29, 2020
- Published electronically: October 16, 2020
- Additional Notes: The first author was supported by SERB, DST, Government of India, through the project $ECR/2017/000765$.
The third author is the corresponding author and was supported by NSFC # 11521061, # 11771307 and # 11831012 and by China MOE PCSIRT ${\text {IRT}_{\text {15R53}}}$. - Communicated by: Wenxian Shen
- © Copyright 2020 American Mathematical Society
- Journal: Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 149 (2021), 217-229
- MSC (2010): Primary 39B12, 47H30; Secondary 37C25, 54H20
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/15178
- MathSciNet review: 4172599