Bott vanishing for algebraic surfaces

Totaro, Burt

doi:10.1090/tran/8045

Bott vanishing for algebraic surfaces
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Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 373 (2020), 3609-3626 Request permission

Abstract:

Bott proved a strong vanishing theorem for sheaf cohomology on projective space. It holds for toric varieties, but not for most other varieties.

We prove Bott vanishing for the quintic del Pezzo surface, also known as the moduli space $\overline {M_{0,5}}$ of 5-pointed stable curves of genus zero. This is the first non-toric Fano variety for which Bott vanishing has been shown, answering a question by Achinger, Witaszek, and Zdanowicz.

In another direction, we prove sharp results on which K3 surfaces satisfy Bott vanishing. For example, a K3 surface with Picard number 1 satisfies Bott vanishing if and only if the degree is 20 or at least 24. For K3 surfaces of any Picard number, we have complete results when the degree is big enough. We build on Beauville, Mori, and Mukai’s work on moduli spaces of K3 surfaces, as well as recent advances by Arbarello-Bruno-Sernesi, Ciliberto-Dedieu-Sernesi, and Feyzbakhsh.

The most novel aspect of the paper is our analysis of Bott vanishing for K3 surfaces with an elliptic curve of low degree. (In other terminology, this concerns K3 surfaces that are monogonal, hyperelliptic, trigonal, or tetragonal.) It turns out that the crucial issue is whether an elliptic fibration has a certain special type of singular fiber.

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