|
On Khot's unique games conjecture
Author:
Luca Trevisan
Journal:
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 49 (2012), 91-111
MSC (2010):
Primary 68Q17
Posted:
November 7, 2011
Full-text PDF
Abstract |
References |
Similar Articles |
Additional Information
Abstract: In 2002, Subhash Khot formulated the Unique Games Conjecture, a conjecture about the computational complexity of certain optimization problems. The conjecture has inspired a remarkable body of work, which has clarified the computational complexity of several optimization problems and the effectiveness of ``semidefinite programming'' convex relaxations. In this paper, which assumes no prior knowledge of computational complexity, we describe the context and statement of the conjecture, and we discuss in some detail one specific line of work motivated by it.
References
- 1.
N.
Alon and V.
D. Milman, 𝜆₁, isoperimetric inequalities for
graphs, and superconcentrators, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B
38 (1985), no. 1, 73–88. MR 782626
(87b:05092), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-8956(85)90092-9
- 2.
N.
Alon, Eigenvalues and expanders, Combinatorica
6 (1986), no. 2, 83–96. Theory of computing
(Singer Island, Fla., 1984). MR 875835
(88e:05077), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02579166
- 3.
Sanjeev
Arora, Carsten
Lund, Rajeev
Motwani, Madhu
Sudan, and Mario
Szegedy, Proof verification and the hardness of approximation
problems, J. ACM 45 (1998), no. 3,
501–555. MR 1639346
(99d:68077b), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/278298.278306
- 4.
Sanjeev
Arora and Shmuel
Safra, Probabilistic checking of proofs: a new characterization of
NP, J. ACM 45 (1998), no. 1, 70–122. MR 1614328
(99d:68077a), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/273865.273901
- 5.
Sanjeev
Arora and Boaz
Barak, Computational complexity, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2009. A modern approach. MR 2500087
(2010i:68001)
- 6.
Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak, and David Steurer, Subexponential algorithms for unique games and related problems, Proceedings of the 51st IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 2010.
- 7.
Sanjeev
Arora, James
R. Lee, and Assaf
Naor, Euclidean distortion and the sparsest cut [extended
abstract], STOC’05: Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium
on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2005, pp. 553–562. MR 2181659
(2006g:68284), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1060590.1060673
- 8.
Sanjeev
Arora, Satish
Rao, and Umesh
Vazirani, Expander flows, geometric embeddings and graph
partitioning, Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory
of Computing, ACM, New York, 2004, pp. 222–231 (electronic). MR 2121604
(2005j:68081), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007352.1007355
- 9.
Mihir
Bellare, Oded
Goldreich, and Madhu
Sudan, Free bits, PCPs, and nonapproximability—towards tight
results, SIAM J. Comput. 27 (1998), no. 3,
804–915 (electronic). MR 1612644
(2000a:68034), http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0097539796302531
- 10.
M Bellare, S. Goldwasser, C. Lund, and A. Russell, Efficient probabilistically checkable proofs and applications to approximation, Proceedings of the 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1993, See also the errata sheet in Proc of STOC '94, pp. 294-304.
- 11.
Christer
Borell, Geometric bounds on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck velocity
process, Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 70 (1985),
no. 1, 1–13. MR 795785
(87k:60103), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00532234
- 12.
Moses Charikar, Konstantin Makarychev, and Yury Makarychev, Near-optimal algorithms for unique games, Proceedings of the 38th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2006, pp. 205-214.
- 13.
Jeff Cheeger, Bruce Kleiner, and Assaf Naor, A
integrality gap for the sparsest cut SDP, arxiv:0910.2024, 2009.
- 14.
S.A. Cook, The complexity of theorem proving procedures, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1971, pp. 151-158.
- 15.
Pierluigi
Crescenzi, Riccardo
Silvestri, and Luca
Trevisan, On weighted vs unweighted versions of combinatorial
optimization problems, Inform. and Comput. 167
(2001), no. 1, 10–26. ISTCS’96 (Jerusalem). MR 1839896
(2003g:90058), http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.2000.3011
- 16.
Charles
Delorme and Svatopluk
Poljak, Combinatorial properties and the complexity of a max-cut
approximation, European J. Combin. 14 (1993),
no. 4, 313–333. MR 1226579
(94e:68139), http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eujc.1993.1035
- 17.
C.
Delorme and S.
Poljak, Laplacian eigenvalues and the maximum cut problem,
Math. Programming 62 (1993), no. 3, Ser. A,
557–574. MR 1251892
(94k:90129), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585184
- 18.
Nikhil
R. Devanur, Subhash
A. Khot, Rishi
Saket, and Nisheeth
K. Vishnoi, Integrality gaps for sparsest cut and minimum linear
arrangement problems, STOC’06: Proceedings of the 38th Annual
ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2006,
pp. 537–546. MR 2277179
(2007h:68079), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1132516.1132594
- 19.
Uriel
Feige and Gideon
Schechtman, On the optimality of the random hyperplane rounding
technique for MAX CUT, Random Structures Algorithms
20 (2002), no. 3, 403–440. Probabilistic
methods in combinatorial optimization. MR 1900615
(2003c:90086), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rsa.10036
- 20.
Michel
X. Goemans and David
P. Williamson, Improved approximation algorithms for maximum cut
and satisfiability problems using semidefinite programming, J. Assoc.
Comput. Mach. 42 (1995), no. 6, 1115–1145. MR 1412228
(97g:90108), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/227683.227684
- 21.
Johan
Håstad, Some optimal inapproximability results, J. ACM
48 (2001), no. 4, 798–859. MR 2144931
(2006c:68066), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/502090.502098
- 22.
Richard
M. Karp, Reducibility among combinatorial problems, Complexity
of computer computations (Proc. Sympos., IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center,
Yorktown Heights, N.Y., 1972), Plenum, New York, 1972,
pp. 85–103. MR 0378476
(51 #14644)
- 23.
Subhash
Khot, On the power of unique 2-prover 1-round games,
Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of
Computing, ACM, New York, 2002, pp. 767–775. MR
2121525, http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/509907.510017
- 24.
-, Inapproximability of
-complete problems, discrete Fourier analysis, and geometry, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 2010.
- 25.
Subhash Khot, Guy Kindler, Elchanan Mossel, and Ryan O'Donnell, Optimal inapproximability results for MAX-CUT and other two-variable CSPs?, Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 2004, pp. 146-154.
- 26.
Subhash Khot and Nisheeth Vishnoi, The unique games conjecture, integrality gap for cut problems and the embeddability of negative type metrics into
, Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 2005, pp. 53-63.
- 27.
Robert
Krauthgamer and Yuval
Rabani, Improved lower bounds for embeddings into
𝐿₁, SIAM J. Comput. 38 (2009),
no. 6, 2487–2498. MR 2506299
(2010f:68238), http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/060660126
- 28.
L.
A. Levin, Universal enumeration problems, Problemy
Peredači Informacii 9 (1973), no. 3,
115–116 (Russian). MR 0340042
(49 #4799)
- 29.
Elchanan
Mossel, Ryan
O’Donnell, and Krzysztof
Oleszkiewicz, Noise stability of functions with low influences:
invariance and optimality, Ann. of Math. (2) 171
(2010), no. 1, 295–341. MR 2630040
(2012a:60091), http://dx.doi.org/10.4007/annals.2010.171.295
- 30.
Prasad
Raghavendra, Optimal algorithms and inapproximability results for
every CSP? [extended abstract], STOC’08, ACM, New York, 2008,
pp. 245–254. MR
2582901, http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1374376.1374414
- 31.
Ran
Raz, A parallel repetition theorem, SIAM J. Comput.
27 (1998), no. 3, 763–803 (electronic). MR 1612640
(2000c:68057), http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0097539795280895
- 32.
V.
I. Rotar′, Limit theorems for polylinear forms, J.
Multivariate Anal. 9 (1979), no. 4, 511–530. MR 556909
(81m:60039), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-259X(79)90055-1
- 33.
Michael Sipser, Introduction to the theory of computation, Thomson, 2005, Second Editon.
- 34.
Luca
Trevisan, Gregory
B. Sorkin, Madhu
Sudan, and David
P. Williamson, Gadgets, approximation, and linear programming,
SIAM J. Comput. 29 (2000), no. 6, 2074–2097
(electronic). MR
1756405 (2001j:68046), http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0097539797328847
- 35.
Vijay
V. Vazirani, Approximation algorithms, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 2001. MR
1851303 (2002h:68001)
Similar Articles
Retrieve articles in Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
with MSC (2010):
68Q17
Retrieve articles in all journals
with MSC (2010):
68Q17
Additional Information
Luca Trevisan
Affiliation:
Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall Stanford, California 94305-9025
Email:
trevisan@stanford.edu
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-2011-01361-1
PII:
S 0273-0979(2011)01361-1
Received by editor(s):
July 18, 2011,
Received by editor(s) in revised form:
July 25, 2011
Posted:
November 7, 2011
Additional Notes:
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCF-1017403.
Article copyright:
© Copyright 2011 American Mathematical Society
The copyright for this article reverts to public domain after
28 years from publication.
|